地震资料精细处理技术在神狐海域研究区的应用
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摘要
探讨以神狐海域研究区三维地震资料为基础,针对研究区崎岖海底造成的成像精度不高的问题,提出相关的处理方法:利用组合多次波压制技术解决崎岖海底多次波衰减难题,凸出中深层构造特征;利用预测反褶积及零相位处理技术提升浅层水合物分辨率;利用多次迭代速度分析技术逐步细化速度分析精度,突出水合物相关的速度反转特征。最终的处理效果表明,提出的相关处理技术达到了预期效果,成果中BSR极性反转、振幅空白带、速度反转等水合物相关地球物理特征清晰,断层等与水合物气源及运移通道研究相关的地质构造特征清晰,利于解释专家研究水合物的富集、成藏特征。
This article based on Shenhu Area's seismic data, in order to solve the problem of low imaging accuracy caused by rugged seafloor in the research area, this paper proposes a targeted treatment method: using combined multiple wave suppression technology to solve the problem of multiple wave attenuation in rugged seafloor, protruding the structural characteristics of middle and deep layers; using predictive deconvolution and zero phase processing technology to improve the resolution of shallow hydrate; using multiple iterative velocity analysis techniques to refine the accuracy of velocity analysis gradually, highlight the velocity reversal feature of hydrate. The final treatment results show that the targeted treatment technology proposed in this paper has achieved the expected results.The geophysical characteristics of hydrate related to BSR polarity reversal,amplitude blank zone and velocity reverse are clear, and the geological structural characteristics are clear such as faults, which are related to hydrate gas source and migration channel research. The result is helpful for interpretation experts to study hydrate enrichment and reservoir formation characteristics.
This article based on Shenhu Area's seismic data, in order to solve the problem of low imaging accuracy caused by rugged seafloor in the research area, this paper proposes a targeted treatment method: using combined multiple wave suppression technology to solve the problem of multiple wave attenuation in rugged seafloor, protruding the structural characteristics of middle and deep layers; using predictive deconvolution and zero phase processing technology to improve the resolution of shallow hydrate; using multiple iterative velocity analysis techniques to refine the accuracy of velocity analysis gradually, highlight the velocity reversal feature of hydrate. The final treatment results show that the targeted treatment technology proposed in this paper has achieved the expected results.The geophysical characteristics of hydrate related to BSR polarity reversal,amplitude blank zone and velocity reverse are clear, and the geological structural characteristics are clear such as faults, which are related to hydrate gas source and migration channel research. The result is helpful for interpretation experts to study hydrate enrichment and reservoir formation characteristics.
引文
[1]靳佳澎,王秀娟,钱进,等.神狐海域峡谷区天然气水合物识别及分布特征研究[C]//中国地球科学联合学术年会, 2016:1314.JIN J P, WANG X J, QIAN J, et al. The research on identification and distribution characteristics of natural gas hydrate in canyon area of Shenhu area[C]//Annual Meeting of the Chinese Geosciences Union, 2016:1314.(in Chinese).
[2]张光学,梁金强,张明,等.海洋天然气水合物地震联合探测[M].北京:地质出版社, 2014:36-65.ZHANG G X, LIANG J Q, ZHANG M, et al. The joint seismic survey of marine natural gas hydrate[M].Beijing:Geological Publish Company, 2014:36-65.(in Chinese).
[3] SU Z, CAO Y C, WU N Y, et al. Numerical investigation on methane hydrate accumulation in Shenhu Area, northern continental slope of South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petrolrum Geology,2012, 38:158-165.
[4]罗敏,王宏斌,杨胜雄,等.南海天然气水合物研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013,32(1):56-66.LUO M, WANG H B, YANG S X, et al. Research advancement of natural gas hydrate in South China Sea[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2013, 32(1):55-56.(in Chinese).
[5]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物赋存带深度预测[C]//中国地球物理年会, 2010:857.YANG R, WU N Y, LEI X H, et al. The prediction of natural gas hydrate occurrence depth in Northern China Sea, Shenhu area[C]//The Chinese Geophysics, 2010:857.(in Chinese).
[6]杨睿,阎贫,吴能友,等.南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系[J].海洋学研究, 2014, 32(4):19-24.YANG R, YAN P, WU NY, et al. Seismic reflecting characteristics of fluid and its effect on gas hydrate distribution in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences,2014, 32(4):19-24.(in Chinese).
[7] ZHIFENG WAN, XING XU, XIANGQING WANG, et al. Geothermal analysis of boreholes in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area, northern South China Sea:Influence of mud diapirs on hydrate occurrence[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 158:424-432.
[8]邓希光,吴庐山,付少英,等.南海北部天然气水合物研究进展[J].海洋学研究, 2008, 26(2):67-74.DENG X G, WU L S, FU S Y, et al. The research advances of natural gas hydrates in northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2008, 26(2):67-74.(in Chinese).
[9]徐华宁,邢涛,王家生,等.利用多道地震反射数据探测神狐海域渗漏型水合物[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 2012, 37(增刊):195-200.XU H N, XING T, WANG J S, et al. Detecting seepage hydrate reservoir using multi-channel seismic reflecting data in Shenhu area[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2012, 37(S1):195-200.(in Chinese).
[10]张伟,梁金强,陆敬安,等.中国南海北部陆坡神狐海域高饱和度天然气水合物成藏特征及机制[J].石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(5):670-679.ZHANG W, LIANG J Q, LU J A, et al. Accumulation features and mechanisms of high saturation natural gas hydrate in Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Explration and Development, 2017, 44(5):670-679.(in Chinese).
[11]苏明,杨睿,吴能友,等.南海北部陆坡区神狐海域构造特征及对水合物的控制[J].地质学报,2014, 88(3):318-324.SU M, YANG R, WU N Y, et al. Structural characteristics in the Shehu area, northerncontinental slope of South China Sea, and their influences on gas hudrate[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2014, 88(3):318-324.(in Chinese).
[12]秦轲,孙云宝,赵铁虎,等.神狐海域气烟囱构造分布及其对天然气水合物藏的影响[J].海洋地质前沿, 2015, 31(11):23-27.QING K, SUN Y B, ZHAO T H, et al. The distribution of gas chimney structures in Shenhu area and their influence on gas hydrate accumulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2015, 31(11):23-27.(in Chinese).
[13]吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报, 2009, 52(6):1641-1646.WU N Y, YANG S X, WANG H B, et al. Gas-bearing fluid sub-system for gashydrae geological system in Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009,52(6):1641-1646.(in Chinese).
[14]付少英,陆敬安.神狐海域天然气水合物的特征及其气源[J].海洋地质动态, 2010, 26(9):6-10.FU S Y, LU J A. The characteristics and origin of gas hydrate in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2010, 26(9):6-10.(in Chinese).
[15]杨胜雄,梁金强,陆敬安,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征及主控因素新认识[J].地学前缘, 2017, 24(4):1-14.YANG S X, LIANG J Q, LU J A, et al. New understandings on the characteristics and controlling factors of gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(4):1-14.(in Chinese).
[16]龚建明,何玉华,闫桂京,等.南海“神狐型”BSR特征及影响因素[J].石油实验地质, 2011, 33(6):602-606.GONG J M, HE Y H, YAN G J, et al. Features and controlling factors of BSR in Shenhu area,South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2011, 33(6):602-606.(in Chinese).
[17]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].新能源, 2010, 30(10):103-108.SU P B, LEI H Y, LIANG J Q, et al. Characteristics of gas source in the waters of Shenhu and their significance to gas hydrate accumulation[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010, 30(10):103-108.(in Chinese).
[18]梁永兴,曾溅辉,郭依群,等.神狐钻探区天然气水合物成藏地质条件分析[J].现代地质, 2013,27(2):425-434.LIANG Y X, ZENG J H, GUO Y Q, et al. Analysis of natural gas hydrate accumulation conditions of Shenhu prospect[J]. Geoscience, 2013, 27(2):425-434.(in Chinese).
[19]常旭,刘伊克,杜向东,等.深水崎岖海底地震数据成像方法与应用[J].地球物理学报, 2008,51(1):228-234.CHANG X, LIU Y K, DU X D, et al. Seismic imaging under the irregular deep water bottom[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(1):228-234.(in Chinese).
[20]徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震识别研究[J].天然气工业, 2006,26(9):49-51.XU H N, LIANG B W, ZHANG G X, et al. Seismic identification of gas hydrate on northern slope of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(9):49-51.(in Chinese).
[21]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报, 2010, 53(7):1691-1698.XU H N, YANG S X, ZHEN X D, et al. Seismic identification of gas hydrate and its distribution in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010, 53(7):1691-1698.(in Chinese).
[22] JIE LIU, JIANGZHONG ZHANG, FEI MA, et al. Estimation of seismic velocities and gas hydrate concentrations:A case study form the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2017, 88:225-234.
[23]郭依群,乔少华,吕万军,等.基于声波度分析神狐海域水合物垂向分布特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2011, 27(7):7-11.GUO Y Q, QIAO S H, LV W J, et al. Vertical distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu area of the South China Sea based on acoustic velocity[J]. Marin Geology Frontiers, 2011, 27(7):7-11.(in Chinese).
[24]邓志勇,张志忠,廖显锋,等.深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策—以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J].地球物理学进展, 2015, 30(3):1410-1417.DENG Z Y, ZHANG Z Z, LIAO X F, et al. Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy area--an instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin, South China Sea[J].Progress in geophysics, 2015, 30(3):1410-1417.(in Chinese).
[25]孙璐.天然气水合物准三维处理技术研究与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2009:32-42.SUN L. The research and application about 3D processing technology of natural gas hydrate[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2009:32-42.(in Chinese).
[2]张光学,梁金强,张明,等.海洋天然气水合物地震联合探测[M].北京:地质出版社, 2014:36-65.ZHANG G X, LIANG J Q, ZHANG M, et al. The joint seismic survey of marine natural gas hydrate[M].Beijing:Geological Publish Company, 2014:36-65.(in Chinese).
[3] SU Z, CAO Y C, WU N Y, et al. Numerical investigation on methane hydrate accumulation in Shenhu Area, northern continental slope of South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petrolrum Geology,2012, 38:158-165.
[4]罗敏,王宏斌,杨胜雄,等.南海天然气水合物研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013,32(1):56-66.LUO M, WANG H B, YANG S X, et al. Research advancement of natural gas hydrate in South China Sea[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2013, 32(1):55-56.(in Chinese).
[5]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物赋存带深度预测[C]//中国地球物理年会, 2010:857.YANG R, WU N Y, LEI X H, et al. The prediction of natural gas hydrate occurrence depth in Northern China Sea, Shenhu area[C]//The Chinese Geophysics, 2010:857.(in Chinese).
[6]杨睿,阎贫,吴能友,等.南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系[J].海洋学研究, 2014, 32(4):19-24.YANG R, YAN P, WU NY, et al. Seismic reflecting characteristics of fluid and its effect on gas hydrate distribution in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences,2014, 32(4):19-24.(in Chinese).
[7] ZHIFENG WAN, XING XU, XIANGQING WANG, et al. Geothermal analysis of boreholes in the Shenhu gas hydrate drilling area, northern South China Sea:Influence of mud diapirs on hydrate occurrence[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2017, 158:424-432.
[8]邓希光,吴庐山,付少英,等.南海北部天然气水合物研究进展[J].海洋学研究, 2008, 26(2):67-74.DENG X G, WU L S, FU S Y, et al. The research advances of natural gas hydrates in northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2008, 26(2):67-74.(in Chinese).
[9]徐华宁,邢涛,王家生,等.利用多道地震反射数据探测神狐海域渗漏型水合物[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 2012, 37(增刊):195-200.XU H N, XING T, WANG J S, et al. Detecting seepage hydrate reservoir using multi-channel seismic reflecting data in Shenhu area[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2012, 37(S1):195-200.(in Chinese).
[10]张伟,梁金强,陆敬安,等.中国南海北部陆坡神狐海域高饱和度天然气水合物成藏特征及机制[J].石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(5):670-679.ZHANG W, LIANG J Q, LU J A, et al. Accumulation features and mechanisms of high saturation natural gas hydrate in Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Explration and Development, 2017, 44(5):670-679.(in Chinese).
[11]苏明,杨睿,吴能友,等.南海北部陆坡区神狐海域构造特征及对水合物的控制[J].地质学报,2014, 88(3):318-324.SU M, YANG R, WU N Y, et al. Structural characteristics in the Shehu area, northerncontinental slope of South China Sea, and their influences on gas hudrate[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2014, 88(3):318-324.(in Chinese).
[12]秦轲,孙云宝,赵铁虎,等.神狐海域气烟囱构造分布及其对天然气水合物藏的影响[J].海洋地质前沿, 2015, 31(11):23-27.QING K, SUN Y B, ZHAO T H, et al. The distribution of gas chimney structures in Shenhu area and their influence on gas hydrate accumulation[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2015, 31(11):23-27.(in Chinese).
[13]吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报, 2009, 52(6):1641-1646.WU N Y, YANG S X, WANG H B, et al. Gas-bearing fluid sub-system for gashydrae geological system in Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009,52(6):1641-1646.(in Chinese).
[14]付少英,陆敬安.神狐海域天然气水合物的特征及其气源[J].海洋地质动态, 2010, 26(9):6-10.FU S Y, LU J A. The characteristics and origin of gas hydrate in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2010, 26(9):6-10.(in Chinese).
[15]杨胜雄,梁金强,陆敬安,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏特征及主控因素新认识[J].地学前缘, 2017, 24(4):1-14.YANG S X, LIANG J Q, LU J A, et al. New understandings on the characteristics and controlling factors of gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(4):1-14.(in Chinese).
[16]龚建明,何玉华,闫桂京,等.南海“神狐型”BSR特征及影响因素[J].石油实验地质, 2011, 33(6):602-606.GONG J M, HE Y H, YAN G J, et al. Features and controlling factors of BSR in Shenhu area,South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2011, 33(6):602-606.(in Chinese).
[17]苏丕波,雷怀彦,梁金强,等.神狐海域气源特征及其对天然气水合物成藏的指示意义[J].新能源, 2010, 30(10):103-108.SU P B, LEI H Y, LIANG J Q, et al. Characteristics of gas source in the waters of Shenhu and their significance to gas hydrate accumulation[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2010, 30(10):103-108.(in Chinese).
[18]梁永兴,曾溅辉,郭依群,等.神狐钻探区天然气水合物成藏地质条件分析[J].现代地质, 2013,27(2):425-434.LIANG Y X, ZENG J H, GUO Y Q, et al. Analysis of natural gas hydrate accumulation conditions of Shenhu prospect[J]. Geoscience, 2013, 27(2):425-434.(in Chinese).
[19]常旭,刘伊克,杜向东,等.深水崎岖海底地震数据成像方法与应用[J].地球物理学报, 2008,51(1):228-234.CHANG X, LIU Y K, DU X D, et al. Seismic imaging under the irregular deep water bottom[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(1):228-234.(in Chinese).
[20]徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震识别研究[J].天然气工业, 2006,26(9):49-51.XU H N, LIANG B W, ZHANG G X, et al. Seismic identification of gas hydrate on northern slope of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(9):49-51.(in Chinese).
[21]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报, 2010, 53(7):1691-1698.XU H N, YANG S X, ZHEN X D, et al. Seismic identification of gas hydrate and its distribution in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010, 53(7):1691-1698.(in Chinese).
[22] JIE LIU, JIANGZHONG ZHANG, FEI MA, et al. Estimation of seismic velocities and gas hydrate concentrations:A case study form the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2017, 88:225-234.
[23]郭依群,乔少华,吕万军,等.基于声波度分析神狐海域水合物垂向分布特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2011, 27(7):7-11.GUO Y Q, QIAO S H, LV W J, et al. Vertical distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu area of the South China Sea based on acoustic velocity[J]. Marin Geology Frontiers, 2011, 27(7):7-11.(in Chinese).
[24]邓志勇,张志忠,廖显锋,等.深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策—以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J].地球物理学进展, 2015, 30(3):1410-1417.DENG Z Y, ZHANG Z Z, LIAO X F, et al. Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy area--an instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin, South China Sea[J].Progress in geophysics, 2015, 30(3):1410-1417.(in Chinese).
[25]孙璐.天然气水合物准三维处理技术研究与应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2009:32-42.SUN L. The research and application about 3D processing technology of natural gas hydrate[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2009:32-42.(in Chinese).
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