领眼与扩眼双级PDC钻头井底流场数值模拟
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摘要
针对领眼与扩眼双级PDC钻头,利用FLUENT有限元软件进行了井底流场数值模拟,得到了四刀翼双级PDC钻头与六刀翼双级PDC钻头井底的速度场、压力场特征。仿真结果表明,领眼钻头刀翼上的内侧切削齿由于低速滞留区的存在导致表面钻井液流速较低,清洗效果较差;从领眼钻头井底上返的钻井液流过阶梯状环空井眼台阶处时出现压力波动。对比两种双级PDC钻头仿真结果,四刀翼双级PDC钻头领眼体与扩眼体井底水力能量分配更加均衡,同时领眼空间与扩眼空间均形成了较大的轴向压差,更加利于钻井液携岩上返。领眼钻头的井眼尺寸、领眼钻头与扩眼钻头喷嘴的过流面积配比对于双级PDC钻头的井底流场有着较为明显的影响。
The downhole flow field of the pilot and reaming two-stage PDC bit was numerically simulated by using the finite element software FLUENT. And the characteristics of downhole velocity fields and pressure fields of four-blade two-stage PDC bit and six-blade two-stage PDC bit were figured out. The simulation results show that due to the existence of low-velocity retention zone at the inner cogging in the blade of pilot bit, the superficial flow velocity of drilling fluid is lower and the cleaning effect is poorer. In addition, the pressure fluctuates when the drilling fluid returning from the downhole of pilot bit flows through the step of step-type annulus hole. Finally, the simulation results of two kinds of two-stage PDC bits were compared. It is indicated that the downhole hydraulic energy of pilot body and reaming body of four-blade two-stage PDC bit is distributed more evenly and larger axial pressure difference is formed in the pilot space and the reaming space, which is more favorable for the cuttings carrying and returning of drilling fluid. The match between the hole size of pilot bit, the pilot bit and the open area of the reaming bit nozzle has a significant effect on the downhole flow field of two-stage PDC bit.
The downhole flow field of the pilot and reaming two-stage PDC bit was numerically simulated by using the finite element software FLUENT. And the characteristics of downhole velocity fields and pressure fields of four-blade two-stage PDC bit and six-blade two-stage PDC bit were figured out. The simulation results show that due to the existence of low-velocity retention zone at the inner cogging in the blade of pilot bit, the superficial flow velocity of drilling fluid is lower and the cleaning effect is poorer. In addition, the pressure fluctuates when the drilling fluid returning from the downhole of pilot bit flows through the step of step-type annulus hole. Finally, the simulation results of two kinds of two-stage PDC bits were compared. It is indicated that the downhole hydraulic energy of pilot body and reaming body of four-blade two-stage PDC bit is distributed more evenly and larger axial pressure difference is formed in the pilot space and the reaming space, which is more favorable for the cuttings carrying and returning of drilling fluid. The match between the hole size of pilot bit, the pilot bit and the open area of the reaming bit nozzle has a significant effect on the downhole flow field of two-stage PDC bit.
引文
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[13]邓志安,金磊,陆忠义,等.天然气管线排液阀内流场压力特性数值模拟研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(3):70-73.DENG Zhi’an,JIN Lei,LU Zhongyi,et al.Numerical simulation study on flow field pressure characteristics inside the drainage valve of the natural gas pipeline[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(3):70-73.
[14]MOSLEMI A,AHMADI G.Study of the hydraulic performance of drill bits using a computational particletracking method[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2014,29(1):28-35.
[15]UDDIN H,CHOUDHURY N R,ANSARI U.A computational study of packoff using a combined drill bit stabilizer particle tracking simulation[R].SPE180380MS,2016.
[16]MORSI S A,ALEXANDER A J.An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems[J].Fluid Mechanics,1972,55:193-208.
[17]SCHNURIGER M,CUILLIER B,TILLEMAN D,et al.Curved nozzle design for PDC bits enhances hydraulics for bit cleaning and cooling improvements[R].SPE184734,2017.
[18]陈修平,邹德永,李东杰,等.基于DPM模型的PDC钻头井底岩屑黏附规律研究[J].石油机械,2015,43(8):5-10.CHEN Xiuping,ZOU Deyong,LI Dongjie,et al.Study on downhole cuttings adhesion of PDC bit based on DPM model[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(8):5-10.
[19]况雨春,王芳,魏莉鸿,等.基于EASA的PDC钻头井底流场分析平台研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):11-15.KUANG Yuchun,WANG Fang,WEI Lihong,et al.Study on the bottom hole flow field analysis platform of PDC Bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(3):11-15.
[2]AL-MAYYAN H,MALIK A,SUMAIT B,et al.New concentric dual diameter fixed cutter technology bit drills56 faster and saves operator drilling time in directional application through challenging abrasive sandstone in one of the largest reservoirs in the middle east[C].SPE/IADC-17820-MS,2016.
[3]TEASDALE P,JOHN G,DAVIS R,et al.Innovative dual-diameter PDC bit design provides unique solution to successful drilling of challenging volcanic interval.SPE-168006-MS,2014
[4]况雨春,曾恒,周学军,等.钻头水力结构优化设计研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(4):60-61.KUANG Yuchun,ZENG Heng,ZHOU Xuejun,et al.Study on optimized design of hydraulic structure for PDCbits[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(4):60-61.
[5]况雨春,杨云山,杨迎新,等.PDC钻头水力结构优化设计专用软件研究[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(4):1-4.KUANG Yuchun,YANG Yunshan,YANG Yingxin,et al.Development of professional software to optimize hydraulic structure of PDC bits[J].Oil Field Equipment,2007,36(4):1-4.
[6]CROUSE R,CHIA R.Optimization of PDC bit hydraulics by fluid simulation[R].SPE 14221,1985.
[7]祝效华,邓福成,贾彦杰,等.PDC钻头流场数值仿真与水力结构优化[J].石油机械,2010,38(8):1-4.ZHU Xiaohua,DENG Fucheng,JIA Yanjie,et al.Numerical simulation and hydraulic structure optimization on flow field of PDC bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2010,38(8):1-4.
[8]陈颖杰,邓传光,常洪渠,等.欠尺寸稳定器环空流场特性模拟[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(3):165-172.CHEN Yingjie,DENG Chuanguang,CHANG Hongqu,et al.Numerical simulation of annulus flow field for under-size stabilizer annulus[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(3):165-172.
[9]刘伟,李黔,程桥,等.气体钻井全井段环空流场改善方法[J].天然气工业,2010,30(7):52-54.LIU Wei,LI Qian,CHENG Qiao,et al.Methods of improving the whole annulus flow field during gas drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(7):52-54.
[10]王玉芳,杨树兴.旋转状态下姿态控制发动机喷流流场的数值模拟[J].兵工学报,2006,27(5):949-952.WANG Yufang,YANG Shuxing.The jet flow field simulation of a rotating attitude control motor[J].Acta Armamentarii,2006,27(5):949-952.
[11]秦超.PDC钻头多相流流场模拟及应用研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.QIN Chao.Numerical simulation and application of multiphase flow field for PDC bit[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014.
[12]熊莉芳,林源,李世武.k-ε湍流模型及其在FLUENT软件中的应用[J].工业加热,2007,36(4):13-15.XIONG Lifang,LIN Yuan,LI Shiwu.k-εturbulent model and its application to the FLUENT[J].Industrial Heating,2007,36(4):13-15.
[13]邓志安,金磊,陆忠义,等.天然气管线排液阀内流场压力特性数值模拟研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(3):70-73.DENG Zhi’an,JIN Lei,LU Zhongyi,et al.Numerical simulation study on flow field pressure characteristics inside the drainage valve of the natural gas pipeline[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(3):70-73.
[14]MOSLEMI A,AHMADI G.Study of the hydraulic performance of drill bits using a computational particletracking method[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2014,29(1):28-35.
[15]UDDIN H,CHOUDHURY N R,ANSARI U.A computational study of packoff using a combined drill bit stabilizer particle tracking simulation[R].SPE180380MS,2016.
[16]MORSI S A,ALEXANDER A J.An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems[J].Fluid Mechanics,1972,55:193-208.
[17]SCHNURIGER M,CUILLIER B,TILLEMAN D,et al.Curved nozzle design for PDC bits enhances hydraulics for bit cleaning and cooling improvements[R].SPE184734,2017.
[18]陈修平,邹德永,李东杰,等.基于DPM模型的PDC钻头井底岩屑黏附规律研究[J].石油机械,2015,43(8):5-10.CHEN Xiuping,ZOU Deyong,LI Dongjie,et al.Study on downhole cuttings adhesion of PDC bit based on DPM model[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(8):5-10.
[19]况雨春,王芳,魏莉鸿,等.基于EASA的PDC钻头井底流场分析平台研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):11-15.KUANG Yuchun,WANG Fang,WEI Lihong,et al.Study on the bottom hole flow field analysis platform of PDC Bit[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(3):11-15.
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