深部煤体采动应力场演化规律及扰动特征研究
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摘要
为了描述深部煤体开采过程中扰动特征,提出基于采动应力的扰动强度判别表达式。根据深部煤体开采实际条件,采用应变软化本构关系,建立深部煤体在保护层开采及蠕变条件下数值模型,得出保护层开采后煤体应力场演化规律及受扰动强度特征,并分析出在受扰动影响及蠕变条件下变形场规律,最终将现场实测应力与模拟结果进行对比,说明数值模拟的合理性。研究表明:(1)深部煤岩体强度差异大,岩体强度高,破坏时应力衰减快,而煤体强度较低,呈现弹塑性破坏。(2)采用基于采动应力的扰动因子表征煤体受扰动程度;保护层采空区下煤体卸压范围大,表现出区域性扰动特征,而未受保护层开采影响但受本煤层回采巷道影响的局部区域,扰动因子在0.7以上,呈现高强度扰动特征;采动应力扰动因子与扰动强度呈正相关,扰动因子越大,煤体受扰动程度越强。(3)深部煤体受扰动及蠕变影响,保护层采空区下煤体体积应变增加明显,而未受保护层开采扰动的煤体由于蠕变影响,其体积应变也随时间而增加。
In order to describe the disturbance characteristics in the process of coal mining at depth,an expression of disturbance intensity based on mining stress is proposed. Mohr-Coulomb strain softening constitutive model is determined to describe the failure process of the coal and rock at depth. According to the actual conditions of coal mining,the numerical model under the conditions of mining protective layer and creep deformation at depth is built to analyze the evolution law of stress field and disturbance intensity of coal when the protective layer was extracted. Finally,the influence law of the disturbed stress field and creep deformation field is analyzed. The numerical results of vertical stress in coal are in good agreement with those of the in-situ test,which prove that the numerical simulation has certain rationality. The results show that:(1) the uniaxial compressive strength of coal and rock is significant difference. The stress attenuation rate of post peak is fast for high strength rock,while low strength coal shows the elastoplastic failure.(2) The disturbance factor based on the induced stress of coal mining is used to characterize the disturbance level of coal. The coal seam in the gob of the protective layer has extensive area of pressure relief range and shows the regional disturbance characteristics. The disturbance factor of local area without protective layer mining but affected by the roadways of the working is above 0.7,and shows high intensity disturbance characteristics. The mining stress disturbance factor has a positive correlation with the disturbance intensity,and the greater the disturbance factor,the stronger disturbance degree of the coal.(3) under the effect of disturbing and creep conditions,volume strain of coal under the gob of protective layer increases obviously,while undisturbed coal also increases over time due to the influence of creep deformation.
In order to describe the disturbance characteristics in the process of coal mining at depth,an expression of disturbance intensity based on mining stress is proposed. Mohr-Coulomb strain softening constitutive model is determined to describe the failure process of the coal and rock at depth. According to the actual conditions of coal mining,the numerical model under the conditions of mining protective layer and creep deformation at depth is built to analyze the evolution law of stress field and disturbance intensity of coal when the protective layer was extracted. Finally,the influence law of the disturbed stress field and creep deformation field is analyzed. The numerical results of vertical stress in coal are in good agreement with those of the in-situ test,which prove that the numerical simulation has certain rationality. The results show that:(1) the uniaxial compressive strength of coal and rock is significant difference. The stress attenuation rate of post peak is fast for high strength rock,while low strength coal shows the elastoplastic failure.(2) The disturbance factor based on the induced stress of coal mining is used to characterize the disturbance level of coal. The coal seam in the gob of the protective layer has extensive area of pressure relief range and shows the regional disturbance characteristics. The disturbance factor of local area without protective layer mining but affected by the roadways of the working is above 0.7,and shows high intensity disturbance characteristics. The mining stress disturbance factor has a positive correlation with the disturbance intensity,and the greater the disturbance factor,the stronger disturbance degree of the coal.(3) under the effect of disturbing and creep conditions,volume strain of coal under the gob of protective layer increases obviously,while undisturbed coal also increases over time due to the influence of creep deformation.
引文
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[2]何满潮,钱七虎.深部岩体力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:16-20.(HE Manchao,QIAN Qihu.The basis of deep rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:16-20.(in Chinese))
[3]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 803-2 813.(HE Manchao,XIEHeping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 803-2 813.(in Chinese))
[4]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平.深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):91-97.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping.Development in researches on mechanical behaviors of rocks under the condition of high ground pressure in the depths[J].Advances in Mechanics,2005,35(1):91-97.(in Chinese))
[5]谢和平,林柏泉,周宏伟,等.深部煤与瓦斯共采理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:1-3.(XIE Heping,LIN Baiquan,ZHOUHongwei.Theory and technology of coal and gas simultaneous mining in depth[M].Beijing:Science Press,2017:1-3.(in Chinese))
[6]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深部开采的定量界定与分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):1-10.(XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al.Quantitative definition and investigation of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):1-10.(in Chinese))
[7]谢和平,周宏伟,薛东杰,等.煤炭深部开采与极限开采深度的研究与思考[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):535-542.(XIE Heping,ZHOUHongwei,XUE Dongjie,et al.Research and consideration on deep coal mining and critical mining depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):535-542.(in Chinese))
[8]周宏伟,谢和平,左建平,等.赋存深度对岩石力学参数影响的实验研究[J].科学通报,2010,55(34):3 276-3 284.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,ZUO Jianping,et al.Experimental study of the effect of depth on mechanical parameters of rock[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2010,55(34):3 276-3 284.(in Chinese))
[9]满轲,周宏伟.不同赋存深度岩石的动态断裂韧性与拉伸强度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1 657-1 663.(MAN Ke,ZHOU Hongwei.Research on dynamic fracture toughness and tensile strength of rock at different depths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(8):1 657-1 663.(in Chinese))
[10]刘杰,王恩元,赵恩来,等.深部工作面采动应力场分布变化规律实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):60-65.(LIUJie,WANG Enyuan,ZHAO Enlai,et al.Distribution and variation of mining-induced stress field in deep workface[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):60-65.(in Chinese))
[11]刘长友,黄炳香,孟祥军,等.超长孤岛综放工作面支承压力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 761-2 766.(LIU Changyou,HUANG Bingxiang,MENG Xiangjun,et al.Overlength isolated fully-mechanized top coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 761-2 766.(in Chinese))
[12]谢和平,周宏伟,刘建锋,等.不同开采条件下采动力学行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1 067-1 074.(XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,LIU Jianfeng,et al.Mining-induced mechanical behavior in coal seams under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1 067-1 074.(in Chinese))
[13]窦林名,姜耀东,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场-震动波场”监测预警技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):803-811.(DOU Linming,JIANG Yaodong,CAO Anye,et al.Monitoring and pre-warning of rockburst hazard with technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):803-811.(in Chinese))
[14]潘一山.冲击地压发生和破坏过程研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,1999.(PAN Yishan.Study on rockburst initiation and failure propagation[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999.(in Chinese))
[15]姜福兴,姚顺利,魏全德,等.重复采动引发矿震的机制探讨及灾害控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):349-355.(JIANGFuxing,YAO Shunli,WEI Quande,et al.Tremor mechanism and disaster control during repeated mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):349-355.(in Chinese))
[16]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.(PAN Junfeng,NINGYu,MAO Debing,et al.Theory of rockburst start-up during coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.(in Chinese))
[17]陈登红.深部典型回采巷道围岩变形破坏特征及控制机制研究[博士学位论文][D].合肥:安徽理工大学,2014.(CHEN Denghong.Research on fractured deformation characteristics and control mechanism of surrounding rock on deep typical gateways[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Hefei:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese))
[18]王德超.千米深井综放沿空掘巷围岩变形破坏演化机制及控制研究[博士学位论文][D].济南:山东大学,2015.(WANG Dechao.Study on failure evolution mechanism and control of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face in kilometer deep mine[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015.(in Chinese))
[19]成云海,姜福兴,胡兆峰,等.埋深千米综放采场沿空巷道冲击地压防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):3 000-3 007.(CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,HU Zhaofeng,et al.Prevention and control of coal burst on gob-side entry in deep coal seam with fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):3 000-3 007.(in Chinese))
[20]景锋.中国大陆浅层地壳地应力场分布规律及工程扰动特征研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009.(JINGFeng.Research on the distribution rule of the shallow crustal geostress field in the China mainland and engineering disturbance characteristics[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009.(in Chinese))
[21]晏长根,林峰,伍法权,等.岩体扰动深度估算的应力场方法[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(4):68-72.(YAN Changgen,LIN Feng,WU Faquan,et al.Evaluating rock masses excavation disturbed zone with method of stress redistribution[J].Journal of Chang?an University:Natural Science,2011,31(4):68-72.(in Chinese))
[22]XIE H P,LI L,JU Y,et al.Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2011,54(1):199-209.
[23]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3 003-3 010.(XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3 003-3 010.(in Chinese))
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