柴北缘锡铁山铅锌矿床构造变形特征及其地质意义
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摘要
锡铁山铅锌矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘,是我国西北地区重要的有色金属矿床之一。系统的地表调查和坑道编录表明,矿区不同岩石单元构造变形及力学特征不同,既有赋存于滩间山群绿片岩内部的早期深层次韧性-韧脆性变形构造,也有赋存于滩间山群原c岩组紫红色砂岩中的晚期浅层次脆性变形构造。结合区域上柴北缘造山带构造演化事件时间序列以及矿区构造特征的分析表明,韧性-韧脆性变形构造与陆-陆深俯冲碰撞造山作用及俯冲板片的折返有关,矿区浅层次脆性变形应形成于滩间山群原c岩组紫红色含砾砂页岩沉积之后。应力场恢复显示早期韧性-韧脆性变形构造形迹的主应力σ_1方向主要为NE/NEE-SW/SWW方向,倾角为5°～60°,表明矿区早期变形阶段具有NE/NEE-SW/SWW向近水平挤压、左行走滑、斜向逆冲的性质;而晚期脆性变形恢复的主应力方向有2个,锡铁山沟地区表现为EW方向,无名沟-中间沟地区为NW-SE方向。对不同中段控矿断裂构造形成时的主应力状态恢复结果显示NW向断裂构造主应力σ_1状态为NE-SW向,显示压扭性逆冲-走滑断层性质,而NE向断裂构造主应力σ_1状态为NW-SE向,显示张扭性正-滑断层性质,分别为上述早期和晚期变形应力场的产物。锡铁山矿体分布受控于左行逆冲和左行滑覆构造运动,矿区北西部成矿较为有利,成矿后的NEE-EW向断层左行运动对矿体产生破坏作用,导致西侧矿体南移,东侧矿体北移。
The Xitieshan lead-zinc ore deposit, located in the north of Qaidam Basin, is one of the most important nonferrous metals deposits in Northwest China. Based on systematic field investigations and mine compiling, this research finds that the structural deformation and mechanical characteristics of different rock units in the mining area are different. The early deep ductile-ductile brittle deformation tectonic domain is represented in the greenschist of the Tanjianshan Group. The late shallow brittle deformation tectonic domain is represented in the purple red sandstone of the original C formation of Tanjianshan Group. Combining with the time series of tectonic evolution events and tectonic features of the orogenic belt in the northern margin of Qaidam orogenic belt, this research suggests that the deep-seated ductile-ductile brittle deformation is related to the compressional continental subduction and the roll-back of subducted plate and the shallow brittle deformation should form later than the pebbly-red shale of Tanjianshan Group. Stress field analysis and recovery suggests that the principal stress orientation of the early ductile-brittle ductile deformation structural track should be NE/NEE-SW/SWW and the angle of dip should between 5°-60°. The research reveals that the early deformation stage should have undergone NE/NEE-SW/SWW trend compression, left slip and oblique thrust. The principal stress orientations of the later brittle deformation of Xitieshan valley and the Wuming to Middle valley are different, trending EW and NW-SE, respectively. The principal stress recovery result of the ore-control fault from different depths shows that the principal stress orientation of NW-trend fault should be NE-SW, suggesting these faults should be shear thrust-strike slip fault. The principal stress orientation of NE-trend fault should be NW-SE, indicating these faults are transtensional normal-slip fault. They should be the products of the early to late deformation stress field. The orebody distributions of Xitieshan deposit are controlled by the sinistral thrust and slip tectonic movement. The favorable ore-forming area is the northwest. The sinistral movement of the post-mineralization NEE-EW trend fault destroyed the ore body, leading to the southward movement of western orebody and the northward movement of eastern orebody.
The Xitieshan lead-zinc ore deposit, located in the north of Qaidam Basin, is one of the most important nonferrous metals deposits in Northwest China. Based on systematic field investigations and mine compiling, this research finds that the structural deformation and mechanical characteristics of different rock units in the mining area are different. The early deep ductile-ductile brittle deformation tectonic domain is represented in the greenschist of the Tanjianshan Group. The late shallow brittle deformation tectonic domain is represented in the purple red sandstone of the original C formation of Tanjianshan Group. Combining with the time series of tectonic evolution events and tectonic features of the orogenic belt in the northern margin of Qaidam orogenic belt, this research suggests that the deep-seated ductile-ductile brittle deformation is related to the compressional continental subduction and the roll-back of subducted plate and the shallow brittle deformation should form later than the pebbly-red shale of Tanjianshan Group. Stress field analysis and recovery suggests that the principal stress orientation of the early ductile-brittle ductile deformation structural track should be NE/NEE-SW/SWW and the angle of dip should between 5°-60°. The research reveals that the early deformation stage should have undergone NE/NEE-SW/SWW trend compression, left slip and oblique thrust. The principal stress orientations of the later brittle deformation of Xitieshan valley and the Wuming to Middle valley are different, trending EW and NW-SE, respectively. The principal stress recovery result of the ore-control fault from different depths shows that the principal stress orientation of NW-trend fault should be NE-SW, suggesting these faults should be shear thrust-strike slip fault. The principal stress orientation of NE-trend fault should be NW-SE, indicating these faults are transtensional normal-slip fault. They should be the products of the early to late deformation stress field. The orebody distributions of Xitieshan deposit are controlled by the sinistral thrust and slip tectonic movement. The favorable ore-forming area is the northwest. The sinistral movement of the post-mineralization NEE-EW trend fault destroyed the ore body, leading to the southward movement of western orebody and the northward movement of eastern orebody.
引文
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[2] 张志坚,夏卫华,张文淮,等.锡铁山铅锌矿床有机包裹体及其研究意义[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995,20(2):225-230.
[3] 邓达文.锡铁山铅锌矿床喷流沉积特征及构造环境[D].长沙:中南大学,2004.
[4] 张德全,王富春,李大新,等.柴北缘地区的两类块状硫化物矿床:Ⅰ.锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床[J].矿床地质,2005,24(5):471-480.
[5] 祝新友,邓吉牛,王京彬,等.锡铁山铅锌矿床的找矿潜力与找矿方向[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(3):18-23.
[6] 冯志兴,孙华山,吴冠斌,等.青海锡铁山铅锌矿床类型刍议[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):501-512.
[7] Fu J G,Liang X Q,Wang C,et al.The Xitieshan volcanic sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposit,North Qaidam,China:Geology,structural deformation and geochronology[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2017,80:923-946.
[8] 冯佐海,李少游,陈儒庆.青海锡铁山铅锌矿构造控矿型式与特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,1997,21(2):167-172.
[9] 钟建桥.青海锡铁山铅锌矿床控矿构造分析[J].科协论坛,2011(7):114-115.
[10] 郭进京.柴北缘锡铁山地区滩间山群构造变形分析[J].前寒武纪研究进展,2000,23(3):147-152.
[11] 张志坚,夏卫华,冯志文,等.青海锡铁山铅锌矿床构造及构造-有机流体与成矿的关系[J].矿床地质,1994(增刊1):82-83.
[12] Zhang C,Bader T,Zhang L,et al.The multi-stage tectonic evolution of the Xitieshan terrane,North Qaidam orogen,western China:From Grenville-age orogeny to Early-Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism[J].Gondwana Research,2017,41:290-300.
[13] Ernst W G.Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building:Subduction-zone petrogenesis of continental crust[J].Terra Nova,2005,17(2):165-188.
[14] Song S G,Niu Y L,Su L,et al.Continental orogenesis from ocean subduction,continent collision/subduction,to orogen collapse,and orogen recycling:The example of the North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,129:59-84.
[15] Song S G,Su L,Niu Y L,et al.Petrological and geochemical constraints on the origin of garnet peridotite in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,northwestern China[J].Lithos,2007,96(1/2):243-265.
[16] Zhang G B,Song S G,Zhang L F,et al.The subducted oceanic crust within continental-type UHP metamorphic belt in the North Qaidam,NW China:Evidence from petrology,geochemistry and geochronology[J].Lithos,2008,104(1/4):99-118.
[17] Song S G,Zhang L F,Niu Y L,et al.Evolution from oceanic subduction to continental collision:A case study from the Northern Tibetan Plateau based on geochemical and geochronological data[J].Journal of Petrology,2006,47(3):435-455.
[18] Wang M J,Song S G,Niu Y L,et al.Post-collisional magmatism:Consequences of UHPM terrane exhumation and orogen collapse,N.Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China[J].Lithos,2014,210:181-198.
[19] Zhang G B,Zhang L F,Christy A G.From oceanic subduction to continental collision:An overview of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks in the North Qaidam UHP belt,NW China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,63:98-111.
[20] Song S G,Niu Y L,Su L,et al.Tectonics of the North Qilian orogen,NW China[J].Gondwana Research,2013,23(4):1378-1401.
[21] Wu C L,Gao Y H,Li Z L,et al.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of granites from Dulan and the chronological framework of the North Qaidam UHP belt,NW China[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(12):2945-2965.
[22] 吴才来,郜源红,李兆丽,等.都兰花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及柴北缘超高压带花岗岩年代学格架[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(10):2142-2165.
[23] 吴锁平.柴北缘古生代花岗岩类成因及其造山响应[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.
[24] Zhao Z,Wei J,Fu L,et al.The Early Paleozoic Xitieshan syn-collisional granite in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,NW China:Petrogenesis and implications for continental crust growth[J].Lithos,2017,278/281:140-152.
[25] Zhao Z,Wei J,Santosh M,et al.Late Devonian postcollisional magmatism in the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,Xitieshan terrane,NW China[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2018,130(5/6):999-1016.
[26] 康高峰.柴达木盆地北缘成矿带遥感信息提取及有利成矿区预测研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[27] 祝新友,邓吉牛,王京彬,等.锡铁山矿床两类喷流沉积成因的铅锌矿体研究[J].矿床地质,2006,25(3):252-262.
[28] 付建刚,梁新权,王策,等.柴北缘锡铁山滩涧山群c岩性组的时代归属及其物源特征[J].地质学报,2014,88(6):140-151.
[29] 李峰,吴志亮,李保珠,等.柴达木盆地北缘滩间山群新厘定[J].西北地质,2006,39(3):83-90.
[30] 邓吉牛.青海锡铁山矿区褶皱构造及其找矿预测[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,8(5):283-288.
[31] 孙华山,赵立军,吴冠斌,等.锡铁山块状硫化物铅锌矿床成矿构造环境及矿区南部找矿潜力:来自滩间山群火山岩岩石化学、地球化学证据[J].岩石学报,2012,28(2):652-664.
[32] 夏元祁.柴达木北缘达肯大坂群与滩间山群的接触关系[J].地层学杂志,1996,20(2):123-127.
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