层序地层划分方法进展及展望
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摘要
层序地层学是油田勘探开发重要的理论依据,层序地层单元划分是储层评价和油藏开发的基础。基准面旋回引起的岩石学、沉积学、构造地质学及地球物理学响应是层序地层划分方法的地质依据。根据基础资料类型,层序地层划分方法主要分为地质分析法、测井曲线法、地震方法、古生物方法、地球化学方法、古地磁方法、数学方法七大类。基于对各方法应用原理、控制因素、适用范围及优缺点的系统分析表明,资料的选取、方法的选择、旋回级次的确定、自旋回和异旋回的区分及划分结果的验证是合理划分层序地层单元的关键。目前,层序地层划分方法存在的问题主要包括:层序级次标准不健全,定量和定性结合不足,应用领域局限,古地磁方法、数学方法应用不成熟,与储层地质学、开发动态结合不足等。层序地层划分方法具有向定量化、自动化、精细化、可视模拟化和综合化方向发展的趋势。
Sequence stratigraphy is an important theoretical basis for oilfield exploration and development. The division of sequence units guides the evaluation of reservoirs and development of stratification systems. The petrology, sedimentology, structural geology and geophysical response caused by the base-level cycle are the geological basis for the sequence division. According to the characteristics of data, the methods of sequence stratigraphic division are mainly divided into seven categories: geological analysis method, log curve method, seismic method, paleontological method, geochemical method, ancient geomagnetic method, and mathematical method. This paper analyses systematically the application principles, control factors, application scope, and advantages and disadvantages of each method. The paper suggest that the selection of data, the selection of methods, the determination of the cycle, the distinction between spin-back and heterocycle, and the verification of division results are the key to the sequence division. At present, the problems in the method of dividing sequence stratigraphy mainly include: imperfect sub-standards at the sequence level, insufficient combination of quantitative and qualitative, limited application in other areas, imperfect application of individual methods, and insufficient integration with reservoir geology and development. And pointed out that the trend of the development of sequence stratigraphic division methods is quantification, automation, refinement, visual simulation and comprehension.
Sequence stratigraphy is an important theoretical basis for oilfield exploration and development. The division of sequence units guides the evaluation of reservoirs and development of stratification systems. The petrology, sedimentology, structural geology and geophysical response caused by the base-level cycle are the geological basis for the sequence division. According to the characteristics of data, the methods of sequence stratigraphic division are mainly divided into seven categories: geological analysis method, log curve method, seismic method, paleontological method, geochemical method, ancient geomagnetic method, and mathematical method. This paper analyses systematically the application principles, control factors, application scope, and advantages and disadvantages of each method. The paper suggest that the selection of data, the selection of methods, the determination of the cycle, the distinction between spin-back and heterocycle, and the verification of division results are the key to the sequence division. At present, the problems in the method of dividing sequence stratigraphy mainly include: imperfect sub-standards at the sequence level, insufficient combination of quantitative and qualitative, limited application in other areas, imperfect application of individual methods, and insufficient integration with reservoir geology and development. And pointed out that the trend of the development of sequence stratigraphic division methods is quantification, automation, refinement, visual simulation and comprehension.
引文
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