高应力回采巷道底鼓机理及治理技术
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摘要
赵固矿区回采巷道在高地应力和采动叠加支承压力的共同作用下,超前支承压力影响范围达到160 m,造成泥质底板和碎裂煤帮变形严重,围岩变形量大,底鼓量达到400 mm以上,导致大量巷道返修。大采高沿底掘进巷道为挠曲褶皱性底鼓;上分层沿顶板掘进巷道为挤压流动性底鼓。提出了赵固矿区回采巷道底鼓的治理策略,即"强帮、控制顶角和底脚、强化底板、适度卸压,底板采用自钻式注浆锚杆",并给出了支护方案。自钻式注浆锚杆具有可接长、自锚固、自钻进、主动支护、可注浆和柔性支护的特点,是控制巷道底鼓的有力支护手段。矿压观测表明,采用自钻式注浆锚杆加固巷道底板,能够有效控制巷道底鼓。提出的底鼓控制方法可以为类似条件巷道围岩控制提供参考。
Under the combined action of high geo-stress and the support pressure of mining superposition of mining roadway in Zhaogu coal area,the effect of advancing support pressure has reached 160 m,which caused the muddy floor and the broken side wall of seam roadway serious deformation,the large deformation of surrounding rock,the floor heaves reached 400 mm,and a lot of roadways need to repair. The roadway with high mining height along the bottom is the type of flexural folding floor heave,the roadway of upper part along the roof excavation is the type of extruding fluidity floor heave. Based on this,the governance strategy of the floor heave of the mining roadway in Zhaogu mining area was proposed,namely, " strengthen the sidewall of roadway,control of vertex angle and footing,strengthen the floor plate,moderate pressure relief,using the self-drilling grouting bolt for floor",the support plan was proposed. The self-drilling grouting bolt has the characteristics of controlling length,self-anchorage,self-drilling,active support,grouting and flexible support,which is a powerful support method for controlling the floor heaves in mining roadway. The observation of the mining pressure shows that selfdrilling grouting bolts can reinforce the floor of the roadway and control the roadway floor heaves effectively. The proposed method of floor heave control can provide reference for the control of roadway surrounding rock under similar conditions.
Under the combined action of high geo-stress and the support pressure of mining superposition of mining roadway in Zhaogu coal area,the effect of advancing support pressure has reached 160 m,which caused the muddy floor and the broken side wall of seam roadway serious deformation,the large deformation of surrounding rock,the floor heaves reached 400 mm,and a lot of roadways need to repair. The roadway with high mining height along the bottom is the type of flexural folding floor heave,the roadway of upper part along the roof excavation is the type of extruding fluidity floor heave. Based on this,the governance strategy of the floor heave of the mining roadway in Zhaogu mining area was proposed,namely, " strengthen the sidewall of roadway,control of vertex angle and footing,strengthen the floor plate,moderate pressure relief,using the self-drilling grouting bolt for floor",the support plan was proposed. The self-drilling grouting bolt has the characteristics of controlling length,self-anchorage,self-drilling,active support,grouting and flexible support,which is a powerful support method for controlling the floor heaves in mining roadway. The observation of the mining pressure shows that selfdrilling grouting bolts can reinforce the floor of the roadway and control the roadway floor heaves effectively. The proposed method of floor heave control can provide reference for the control of roadway surrounding rock under similar conditions.
引文
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[13]杨阳.三软煤层巷道底板钻孔卸压的数值模拟优化[J].中州煤炭,2009(11):12-14.Yang Yang. Numerical simulation optimization for release pressurebore hole of roadway floor in three soft coal seam[J]. ZhongzhouCoal,2009(11):12-14.
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[15]张辉,康红普,徐佑林.煤矿巷道底板锚固孔排渣机理及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):430-435.Zhang Hui,Kang Hongpu,Xu Youlin. Deslagging mechanics andapplication of roadway floor anchor hole in coal mine[J]. Journalof China Coal Society,2014,39(3):430-435.
[16]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法—第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017(1):1-9.He Manchao,Song Zhenqi,Wang An,et al. Theory of longwallmining by using roof cutting shortwall team and 110 method:thethird mining science and technology reform[J]. Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2017(1):1-9.
[17]张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):511-516.Zhang Guofeng,He Manchao,Yu Xueping,et al. Research on thetechnique of no pillar mining with gob side entry formed by ad-vanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao Coal Mine[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):511-516.
[18]韦四江,李怀珍.回采工作面片帮机理及超前预注化学浆体锚杆控制技术[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(1):22-26.Wei Sijiang,Li Huaizhen. Mechanism on rib spalling and its pre-vention technology for chemical paste bolt with advance grouting[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(1):22-26.
[19]董士举.赵固二矿大采高工作面煤壁片帮机理及注水防治技术研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[20]孟超.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳机理及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[2]曹平,李好月,钟涌芳,等.深埋高侧压巷道底鼓机理分析及控制[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(2):457-464.Cao Ping,Li Haoyue,Zhong Yongfang,et al. Mechanism and con-trol of floor heave of deep buried roadway with high lateral pressurecoefficient[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science andTechnology),2017,48(2):457-464.
[3]杨军,石海洋,齐干.巷道底角锚杆控制底鼓机理及选型试验[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(4):643-648.Yang Jun,Shi Haiyang,Qi Gan. Mechanism and type selection testof floor heave control by roadway bottom angle bolt[J]. Journal ofMining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(4):643-648.
[4]杨军,石海洋.亭南煤矿深部软岩巷道底鼓"四控"机理及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):247-252.Yang Jun,Shi Haiyang. Mechanics and application of four floorheave control technology of deep soft rock roadway in Tingnan CoalMine[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):247-252.
[5]康继春.大采高工作面预掘回撤通道关键技术研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[6]刘春刚.孤岛工作面动压巷道锚杆支护数值模拟研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(2):169-172.Liu Chungang. Study on numerical simulation of bolt supporting indynamic pressure roadway on island coal face[J]. China Energyand Environmental Protection,2017,39(2):169-172.
[7]李文峰.煤柱内沿空巷道采掘应力诱发底鼓机理与控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[8]张元豹,王传兵,侯俊领.胶囊高压注浆技术在高地应力巷道底鼓治理中的应用[J].建井技术,2017,38(5):18-21.Zhang Yuanbao,Wang Chuanbing,Hou Junling. Packer high pres-sure grouting technology applied to floor heave control occurred inmine high geostress roadway[J]. Mine Construction Technology,2017,38(5):18-21.
[9]张创业,王金强.注浆梯度支护技术在大埋深矿井沿空掘巷中的应用[J].能源与环保,2018,40(5):213-217.Zhang Chuangye,Wang Jinqiang. Application of grouting gradientsupporting technology in gob side entry driving of large buried deepmine[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection,2018,40(5):213-217.
[10]杨华军.古书院矿破碎巷道锚注一体化支护技术研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(9):145-149.Yang Huajun. Study on bolting and grouting integrated supportingtechnology in broken roadways of Gushuyuan Mine[J]. China En-ergy and Environmental Protection,2017,39(9):145-149.
[11]王晓蕾,秦启荣,熊祖强,等.层次注浆工艺在松软巷道破碎围岩加固中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(1):206-212.Wang Xiaolei,Qin Qirong,Xiong Zuqiang,et al. Applications oflevel grouting process in soft roadway to reinforce broken surround-ing rock[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineer-ing,2017,13(1):206-212.
[12]任海强,陶广美.受动压影响巷道注浆加固技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(3):22-25.Ren Haiqiang,Tao Guangmei. Study on grouting reinforced tech-nology of roadway affected by dynamic pressure[J]. Coal Scienceand Technology,2016,44(3):22-25.
[13]杨阳.三软煤层巷道底板钻孔卸压的数值模拟优化[J].中州煤炭,2009(11):12-14.Yang Yang. Numerical simulation optimization for release pressurebore hole of roadway floor in three soft coal seam[J]. ZhongzhouCoal,2009(11):12-14.
[14]张毅.底板切槽卸压技术在冲击地压巷道中的应用[J].中州煤炭,2015(7):84-86,104.Zhang Yi. Application of floor grooving pressure relief technologyin roadway with rock burst danger[J]. Zhongzhou Coal,2015(7):84-86,104.
[15]张辉,康红普,徐佑林.煤矿巷道底板锚固孔排渣机理及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):430-435.Zhang Hui,Kang Hongpu,Xu Youlin. Deslagging mechanics andapplication of roadway floor anchor hole in coal mine[J]. Journalof China Coal Society,2014,39(3):430-435.
[16]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法—第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017(1):1-9.He Manchao,Song Zhenqi,Wang An,et al. Theory of longwallmining by using roof cutting shortwall team and 110 method:thethird mining science and technology reform[J]. Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2017(1):1-9.
[17]张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):511-516.Zhang Guofeng,He Manchao,Yu Xueping,et al. Research on thetechnique of no pillar mining with gob side entry formed by ad-vanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao Coal Mine[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):511-516.
[18]韦四江,李怀珍.回采工作面片帮机理及超前预注化学浆体锚杆控制技术[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(1):22-26.Wei Sijiang,Li Huaizhen. Mechanism on rib spalling and its pre-vention technology for chemical paste bolt with advance grouting[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(1):22-26.
[19]董士举.赵固二矿大采高工作面煤壁片帮机理及注水防治技术研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[20]孟超.大倾角大采高工作面煤壁失稳机理及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
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