潘河区块煤层气L型水平井排采工艺及配套技术研究
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摘要
L型水平井在开发低渗煤层气田上具有很大的技术优势,但由于沁南盆地潘河示范区煤层气田储层浅(500～650 m),致使L型水平井具有井斜角大、全角变化率大、斜井段长且水平位移大的特点,加上水平段具有出煤粉严重、井筒气液比高、微含硫化氢的特点,给后期投产排采带来很大难度。为充分发挥L型水平井钻完增产一体化的技术优势,提出了以携带煤粉能力强的特定螺杆泵技术为主体,配套减阻、扶正、防偏磨、井下气液分离、地面注水、智能自控的技术对策。通过现场22口井试验,有效降低偏磨、卡泵和气体影响,消除了硫化氢安全影响,正常运行时率达92.4%,解决了在埋深浅的大井斜大位移井内的有效排采问题,因此建议煤层气L型水平井排采工艺设计中,强携带煤粉能力作为选泵的必要条件,同时应不断完善配套技术,实现工艺运行得更加平稳。研究结果为L型水平井技术在沁南煤层气田的大规模应用奠定了基础,同时也为其他煤层气区块的开发提供了借鉴经验。
L-type horizontal wells have great technical advantages in the development of low-permeability coalbed methane fields.However,due to the shallow coalbed methane reservoir in the Panhe demonstration area of Qinnan basin( between 500 m and 650 m),Ltype horizontal wells have the characteristics of large well inclination angle,large change rate of overall angle,long inclined shaft section with large horizontal displacement,serious pulverous coal production,high wellbore gas-liquid ratio and slight hydrogen sulfide content,which bring great difficulties to the later production and drainage.In order to give full play to the technical advantages of integrated drilling,completion and production increase of L-type horizontal wells,the countermeasure of screw pump technology with strong pulverized coal carrying capacity as the main body,supporting anti-friction,centralizing,anti-eccentric wear,underground gas-liquid separation,surface water injection and automatic control technology was put forward. Through field tests of 22 wells,effectively reduce eccentric wear,stuck pump and gas effect,eliminate the influence H_2 S safety,normal operation rate was 92.4%.The problem of effective drainage and production in large slant and large displacement wells is solved. Therefore,it is suggested that strong coal powder carrying capacity is a necessary condition for selecting pumps in the drainage and production process design of coalbed methane L-type horizontal wells,and the supporting technologies should be constantly improved to achieve more stable operation of the process.The study result lays a foundation for the large-scale application of L-type horizontal well technology in Qinnan coalbed methane field,and provides reference experience for the development of other coalbed methane blocks.
L-type horizontal wells have great technical advantages in the development of low-permeability coalbed methane fields.However,due to the shallow coalbed methane reservoir in the Panhe demonstration area of Qinnan basin( between 500 m and 650 m),Ltype horizontal wells have the characteristics of large well inclination angle,large change rate of overall angle,long inclined shaft section with large horizontal displacement,serious pulverous coal production,high wellbore gas-liquid ratio and slight hydrogen sulfide content,which bring great difficulties to the later production and drainage.In order to give full play to the technical advantages of integrated drilling,completion and production increase of L-type horizontal wells,the countermeasure of screw pump technology with strong pulverized coal carrying capacity as the main body,supporting anti-friction,centralizing,anti-eccentric wear,underground gas-liquid separation,surface water injection and automatic control technology was put forward. Through field tests of 22 wells,effectively reduce eccentric wear,stuck pump and gas effect,eliminate the influence H_2 S safety,normal operation rate was 92.4%.The problem of effective drainage and production in large slant and large displacement wells is solved. Therefore,it is suggested that strong coal powder carrying capacity is a necessary condition for selecting pumps in the drainage and production process design of coalbed methane L-type horizontal wells,and the supporting technologies should be constantly improved to achieve more stable operation of the process.The study result lays a foundation for the large-scale application of L-type horizontal well technology in Qinnan coalbed methane field,and provides reference experience for the development of other coalbed methane blocks.
引文
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[15]李娜,冯汝勇,柳迎红,等.煤粉产出机理及排采控制措施[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(6):164-168.LI Na,FENG Ruyong,LIU Yinghong,et al.Producing mechanism and drainage control of the pulverized coal[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(6):164-168.
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[17]万仁溥.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:137-213.
[18]王研,胥宏峰,张淑敏,等.螺杆泵抽油杆导向器:中国,201057147[P].2008-05-07.
[19]秦绍锋,金泽亮,王建中,等.一种开采煤层气的气锚:中国,108505985A[P].2018-09-07.
[20]康永尚,赵群,王红岩,等.煤层气井开发效率及排采制度的研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):79-82.KANG Yongshang, ZHAO Qun, WANG Hongyan, et al.Developing eddiceiency and the working system of wells during the de-watering gas prodution in coalbed methane reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(7):79-82.
[21]康永尚,秦绍锋,韩军,等.论煤层气井排采动态典型指标分析方法体系[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(10):1825-1830.KANG Yongshang,QIN Shaofeng,HAN Jun,et al. Typical dynamic index analysis method system for drainage and production dynamic curves of CBM wells[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(10):1825-1830.
[22]刘加东.延川南区块深部煤层气井排采速率适配性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(5):192-196.LIU Jiadong.Study on drainage rate adaption of deep CBM wells in South Yanchuan Block[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(5):192-196.
[2]易新斌,丁云宏,王欣,等.煤层气完井方式和增产措施的优选分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):629-632.YI Xinbin,DING Yunhong,WANG Xin,et al. The optimization of coal-bed methane completion and stimulation technologies[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):629-632.
[3]朱庆忠,杨延辉,王玉婷,等.高阶煤层气高效开发工程技术优选模式及其应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):27-33.ZHU Qingzhong,YANG Yanhui,WANG Yuting,et al.Optimal gelological-engineering models for highly efficient CBM gas development and their application[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(10):27-33.
[4]胡秋嘉,李梦溪,贾慧敏,等.沁水盆地南部高煤阶煤层气水平井地质适应性探讨[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(4):1178-1187.HU Qiujia,LI Mengxi,JIA Huimin,et al.Driscussion of the gelolgical adaptability of coal-bed methane horizontal wells of high-rank coal formation in southern Qinshui Basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(4):1178-1187.
[5]乔磊,申瑞臣,黄洪春,等.煤层气多分支水平井钻井工艺研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):112-115.QIAO Lei,SHEN Ruichen,HUANG Hongchun,et al.Drilling technology of multi-branch horizontal well[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):112-115.
[6]张永平,杨延辉,邵国良,等.沁水盆地樊庄-郑庄区块高煤阶煤层气水平井开采汇总的问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):46-53.ZHANG Yongping,YANG Yanhui,SHAO Guoliang,et al.Problems in the development of high-rank CBM horizontal wells in the Fanzhuang-Zhengzhuang Block in the Qinshui Basin and countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(6):46-53.
[7]王海,杨兆中,李岳.煤层气U型水平井定向井远端联通钻井工艺研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):206-210.WANG Hai,YANG Zhaozhong,LI Yue. Research on CBM drilling technique for U-shaped horizontal well connected remotely with directional well[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):206-210.
[8]张义,鲍清英,孙粉锦,等.煤层气U型井钻完井新技术研究[C]//2011年煤层气学术研讨会论文集.北京:地质出版社,2011:263-270.
[9]崔树清,倪元勇,孟振期,等.沁水盆地煤层气单支水平井钻完井技术探讨与实践[J].中国煤层气,2015,12(6):3-6.CUI Shuqing,NI Yuanyong,MENG Zhenqi,et al. Research and field test of a CBM single-branch horizontal well in Qinshui Basin[J].China Coalbed Methane,2015,12(6):3-6.
[10]周立春,崔新瑞,吕宏玖.沁南煤层气田单支水平井钻完井工艺优化[J].中国煤层气,2017,14(1):21-23.ZHOU Lichun,CUI Xinrui,LYU Hongjiu.Drilling and completion process optimization for the CBM single branch horizontal well in Southern Qinshui[J]. China Coalbed Methane,2017,14(1):21-23.
[11]陈振江,尹瑞新,郭海勇,等.大港南部油田有杆泵井偏磨机理探讨及综合防治[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(4):121-124.CHEN Zhenjiang,YIN Ruixin,GUO Haiyong,et al. Mechanism and prevention of uneven abrasion in rod pump wells in southern Dagang oilfield[J]. Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2008,30(4):121-124.
[12]刘合,郝忠献,王连刚,等.人工举升技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油学报,2015,36(11):1441-1448.LIU He,HAO Zhongxian,WANG Liangang,et al. Current technical status and development trend of artificial lift[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(11):1441-1448.
[13]陈秀萍,窦武,薛占新,等.射流泵举升工艺在煤层气L型水平井的应用研究[J].化工自动化及仪表,2018,45:644-649.CHEN Xiuping,DOU Wu,XUE Zhanxin,et al. Study on the application of the lifeing technology of jet pump in L-shaped horizontal well of coalbed methane[J].Chemical Automation and Instrument,2018,45:644-649.
[14]綦耀光,张芬娜,刘冰,等.煤层气井产气通道内煤粉运动特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1627-1633.QI Yaoguang,ZHANG Fenna,LIU Bing,et al.Calculation on discharge flow of pulverized coal in gas production channel for coalbed methane well[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1627-1633.
[15]李娜,冯汝勇,柳迎红,等.煤粉产出机理及排采控制措施[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(6):164-168.LI Na,FENG Ruyong,LIU Yinghong,et al.Producing mechanism and drainage control of the pulverized coal[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(6):164-168.
[16]朱建英,陈阳.煤层气井螺杆泵故障原因浅析[J].内江科技,2016(2):76-77.ZHU Jianying,CHEN Yang. Analysis on the reasons for the fault of coalbed gas well screw pump[J]. Neijiang Technology,2016(2):76-77.
[17]万仁溥.采油工程手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:137-213.
[18]王研,胥宏峰,张淑敏,等.螺杆泵抽油杆导向器:中国,201057147[P].2008-05-07.
[19]秦绍锋,金泽亮,王建中,等.一种开采煤层气的气锚:中国,108505985A[P].2018-09-07.
[20]康永尚,赵群,王红岩,等.煤层气井开发效率及排采制度的研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):79-82.KANG Yongshang, ZHAO Qun, WANG Hongyan, et al.Developing eddiceiency and the working system of wells during the de-watering gas prodution in coalbed methane reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(7):79-82.
[21]康永尚,秦绍锋,韩军,等.论煤层气井排采动态典型指标分析方法体系[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(10):1825-1830.KANG Yongshang,QIN Shaofeng,HAN Jun,et al. Typical dynamic index analysis method system for drainage and production dynamic curves of CBM wells[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(10):1825-1830.
[22]刘加东.延川南区块深部煤层气井排采速率适配性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(5):192-196.LIU Jiadong.Study on drainage rate adaption of deep CBM wells in South Yanchuan Block[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(5):192-196.
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