木里地区水合物钻孔井壁构造裂缝特征
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摘要
木里地区三露天井田断层发育、岩性复杂,且钻探结果揭示水合物主要赋存于地层裂缝中,因此,笔者专门利用声成像测井资料对三露天井田水合物钻孔井壁构造裂缝进行研究,明确了研究区构造裂缝的成像测井响应特征,并从裂缝线密度、倾角、倾向等方面对裂缝的分布特征进行了分析讨论。结果表明:(1)研究区水合物钻孔井壁裂缝发育,倾角以高角度为主,低角度次之,水平裂缝与高角度裂缝少见;冻土层及以上裂缝较冻土层以下更为发育。(2)研究区裂缝主要走向与地层断裂走向基本一致或小角度斜交,裂缝的发育受断层控制明显。(3)研究区裂缝倾角相对较大,不利于烃类气体的大量聚集,这可能是该区域钻孔少见水合物的原因之一。
Well-developed faults and diversified lithology constitute the features of Sanlutian well field,and the drilling results reveal that gas hydrate mainly occurs in the fractures of reservoirs. Therefore,the acoustic image logging data are used specifically to study the structural fractures from borehole walls of gas-hydrate drilling holes in Sanlutian well field. In this paper,the response characteristics of fractures in acoustic image logging were confirmed and the linear density,dip angle and dip direction of fractures were discussed. Some conclusions have been reached:(1) Fractures are developed in the borehole walls of gas-hydrate drilling holes. In these fractures,highangle fractures are dominant,followed by low-angle fractures,and the vertical and horizontal fractures are rare.(2)The main strike of fractures is basically consistent with the fault strike or oblique-crossing at small angles. The distribution of fractures is controlled distinctly by faults.(3)It is unfavorable for the assembly of hydrocarbon gases as the fractures of the study area are dominated by high-angle fractures,which is one of the possible reasons why gas-hydrate is rare.
Well-developed faults and diversified lithology constitute the features of Sanlutian well field,and the drilling results reveal that gas hydrate mainly occurs in the fractures of reservoirs. Therefore,the acoustic image logging data are used specifically to study the structural fractures from borehole walls of gas-hydrate drilling holes in Sanlutian well field. In this paper,the response characteristics of fractures in acoustic image logging were confirmed and the linear density,dip angle and dip direction of fractures were discussed. Some conclusions have been reached:(1) Fractures are developed in the borehole walls of gas-hydrate drilling holes. In these fractures,highangle fractures are dominant,followed by low-angle fractures,and the vertical and horizontal fractures are rare.(2)The main strike of fractures is basically consistent with the fault strike or oblique-crossing at small angles. The distribution of fractures is controlled distinctly by faults.(3)It is unfavorable for the assembly of hydrocarbon gases as the fractures of the study area are dominated by high-angle fractures,which is one of the possible reasons why gas-hydrate is rare.
引文
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[9]陈利敏,秦荣芳,蒋艾林,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物钻孔岩心构造裂隙特征[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1087-1095.Chen L M,Qin R F,Jiang A L,et al. Structural fracture characteristics of cores from gas-hydrate drillholes in sanlutian of Muli coalfield,Qinghai[J]. Geoscience,2015,29(5):1087-1095.
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[11]邹长春,刘东明,聂昕,等.利用成像测井资料分析汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)裂缝特征[J].现代地质,2012,26(6):1146-1153.Zou C C,Liu D M,Nie X,et al. Fracture characterization using image logging in borehole 3 of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone scientific drilling(WFSD-3)[J]. Geoscience,2012,26(6):1146
[12]庞守吉,苏新,杨旭,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探试验井中侏罗统的沉积学特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1829-1838.Pang S J,Su X,Yang X,et al. Sedimentological features of middle jurassic strata revealed by scientific drilling boreholes of natural gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(12):1829-1838.
[13]庞守吉,苏新,何浩,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物地质控制因素分析[J].地学前缘,2013,20(1):223-238.Pang S J,Su X,He H,et al. Geological controlling factors of gas hydrate occurrence in Qilian Mountain permafrost,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(1):223-238.
[14]王平康,祝有海,卢振权,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩性和分布特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1839-1850.Wang P K,Zhu Y H,Lu Z Q,et al. Gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost and its distribution characteristics[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(12):1839-1850.
[15]邓呈祥,潘和平,方思南.汶川科钻WFSD-3孔裂缝响应特征及识别方法[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):184-189.Deng C X,Pan H P,Fang S N. Fracture identification and the response characteristics of fracture in the third drilling hole of WFSD project[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(5):184-189.
[16]刘东明,林振洲,高文利,等.藏南泽当科学钻探ZDSD-1孔超声成像测井解释[J].物探与化探,2017,41(4):672-677.Liu D M,Lin Z Z,Gao W L,et al. The interpretation of ultrasonic imaging logging data obtained in drill hole ZDSD-1 of the zedang scientific drilling in Tibet[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(4):672-677.
[17]于长青,李永红,卢振权,等.青海木里三露天井田构造特征及其与天然气水合物分布关系[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1138-1143.Yu C Q,Li Y H,Lu Z Q,et al. Structural features and the relation with gas hydrate distribution in sanlutian of Muli,Qinghai[J].Geoscience,2015,29(5):1138-1143.
[2]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1762-1770.Zhu Y H,Zhang Y Q,Wen H J,et al. Gas hydrates in the Qilian Mountain permafrost,Qinghai,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(11):1762-1770.
[3]卢振权,祝有海,张永勤,等.青海省祁连山冻土区天然气水合物存在的主要证据[J].现代地质,2010,24(2):329-336.Lu Z Q,Zhu Y H,Zhang Y Q,et al. Major evidence for gas hydrate existence in the Qilian permafrost,Qinghai[J]. Geoscience,2010,24(2):329-336.
[4]祝有海,赵省民,卢振权.中国冻土区天然气水合物的找矿选区及其资源潜力[J].天然气工业,2011,31(1):13-19.Zhu Y H,Zhao S M,Lu Z Q. Resource potential and reservoir distribution of natural gas hydrate in permafrost areas of China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(1):13-19.
[5]方慧,孙忠军,徐明才,等.冻土区天然气水合物勘查技术研究主要进展与成果[J].物探与化探,2017,41(6):991-997.Fang H,Sun Z J,Xu M C,et al. Achievements of gas hydrate exploration technology in permafrost regions of China[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(6):991-997.
[6]郭星旺,祝有海.祁连山冻土区DK-1钻孔天然气水合物测井响应特征和评价[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1868-1873.Guo X W,Zhu Y H. Well logging characteristics and evaluation of hydrates in Qilian Mountain permafrost[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(12):1868-1873.
[7]侯颉,邹长春,曲璐,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物储层测井识别与划分[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1111-1121.Hou J,Zou C C,Qu L,et al. Classification and Identification of gas hydrate reservoirs from well log data in sanlutian, Muli coalfield,Qinghai[J]. Geoscience,2015,29(5):1111-1121.
[8]林振洲,刘东明,潘和平,等.木里地区天然气水合物测井响应特征[J].物探与化探,2017,41(6):1012-1018.Lin Z Z,Liu D M,Pan H P,et al. The response characteristics of gas hydrate well logging in Muli area[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(6):1012-1018.
[9]陈利敏,秦荣芳,蒋艾林,等.青海木里三露天天然气水合物钻孔岩心构造裂隙特征[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1087-1095.Chen L M,Qin R F,Jiang A L,et al. Structural fracture characteristics of cores from gas-hydrate drillholes in sanlutian of Muli coalfield,Qinghai[J]. Geoscience,2015,29(5):1087-1095.
[10]林振洲,李洋,高文利,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物层位测井物性分析[J].物探与化探,2013,37(5):834-837.Lin Z Z,Li Y,Gao W L,et al. Physical character analysis of logging data for natural gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost area[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(5):834-837.
[11]邹长春,刘东明,聂昕,等.利用成像测井资料分析汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)裂缝特征[J].现代地质,2012,26(6):1146-1153.Zou C C,Liu D M,Nie X,et al. Fracture characterization using image logging in borehole 3 of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone scientific drilling(WFSD-3)[J]. Geoscience,2012,26(6):1146
[12]庞守吉,苏新,杨旭,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探试验井中侏罗统的沉积学特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1829-1838.Pang S J,Su X,Yang X,et al. Sedimentological features of middle jurassic strata revealed by scientific drilling boreholes of natural gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(12):1829-1838.
[13]庞守吉,苏新,何浩,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物地质控制因素分析[J].地学前缘,2013,20(1):223-238.Pang S J,Su X,He H,et al. Geological controlling factors of gas hydrate occurrence in Qilian Mountain permafrost,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(1):223-238.
[14]王平康,祝有海,卢振权,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩性和分布特征[J].地质通报,2011,30(12):1839-1850.Wang P K,Zhu Y H,Lu Z Q,et al. Gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost and its distribution characteristics[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(12):1839-1850.
[15]邓呈祥,潘和平,方思南.汶川科钻WFSD-3孔裂缝响应特征及识别方法[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):184-189.Deng C X,Pan H P,Fang S N. Fracture identification and the response characteristics of fracture in the third drilling hole of WFSD project[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(5):184-189.
[16]刘东明,林振洲,高文利,等.藏南泽当科学钻探ZDSD-1孔超声成像测井解释[J].物探与化探,2017,41(4):672-677.Liu D M,Lin Z Z,Gao W L,et al. The interpretation of ultrasonic imaging logging data obtained in drill hole ZDSD-1 of the zedang scientific drilling in Tibet[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,41(4):672-677.
[17]于长青,李永红,卢振权,等.青海木里三露天井田构造特征及其与天然气水合物分布关系[J].现代地质,2015,29(5):1138-1143.Yu C Q,Li Y H,Lu Z Q,et al. Structural features and the relation with gas hydrate distribution in sanlutian of Muli,Qinghai[J].Geoscience,2015,29(5):1138-1143.
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