中国南方植被的变化
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摘要
为揭示自末次盛冰期以来中国南方植被的变化规律,文章在前人工作的基础上,通过在一些研究薄弱区布钻取芯,建立钻孔剖面高分辨率的时间标尺和孢粉序列,以恢复研究区过去约2万年以来的植被变化过程.文中分别给出中国南方18、9和6ka BP前后的植被分带图和各区域植物的分布特征.研究表明:18ka BP前的植被带分布与现在存在着明显的差异,其中西部由西北向东南依次为寒温性针叶林与高寒草甸草原带、温带针阔叶混交林带/暖温带落叶阔叶林带,中东部由北向南依次分布温带针阔叶混交林带、暖温带落叶阔叶林带,以及北亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林带; 9ka BP前后的植被面貌发生了明显的变化,除西北部局部地处山地温性针阔叶混交林带外,其他地区由北向南依次分布北亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林亚带,中亚热带典型常绿阔叶林亚带,南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林亚带/热带季雨林和雨林带; 6ka BP前后的植被面貌与9ka BP前后的变化不大,但各个植被带的北缘略有北移,反映当时总体气候变得更加温暖.中国南方2万年以来的植被变化,很大程度上受到环境变迁的驱使,其中气候变化为主要影响因素,人类活动的影响在后期变得越来越明显,而在长江下游和三角洲地区,海平面变化对植物的分布同样构成一定的影响.
引文
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李旭,刘金陵.1988.四川西昌螺髻山全新世植被与环境变化.地理学报,43:44-51
李杰,郑卓,Rachid C,杨士雄,黄康有.2013.神农架大九湖四万年以来的植被与气候变化.地理学报,68:69-81
吕厚远,刘嘉麒,储国强,顾兆炎,Negendank J,Schettler G,Mingram J.2003.末次冰期以来湛江湖光岩玛珥湖孢粉记录及古环境变化.古生物学报,42:284-291
孟玉婷.2015.华南湖光岩地区晚更新世以来的孢粉组合及其环境意义.硕士学位论文.北京:中国科学院大学.1-116
孟玉婷,王伟铭,李保华,丁金龙.2014.长江三角洲锦溪地区全新世气候适宜期孢粉组合及其环境意义.古生物学报,53:201-209
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沈才明,王开发,陈培红.1989.珠江三角洲第四纪晚期孢粉组合.热带海洋,8:61-71
舒军武,王伟铭,陈炜.2007a.太湖平原西北部全新世以来植被与环境变化.微体古生物学报,24:210-221
舒军武,王伟铭,王爱根.2007b.江苏宜兴龙池山现代植物表土孢粉的初步研究.古生物学报,46:340-346
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唐领余.1992.云南勐海地区四万年以来植被史与气候.微体古生物学报,9:433-455
童国榜,吴瑞金,吴艳宏,石英,刘志明,李月丛.2000.四川冕宁地区一万年来的植被与环境演变.微体古生物学报,17:470-477
吴燕妮,李冬玲,沙龙滨,舒军武,王伟铭,徐晓群.2016.浙江白马湖地区硅藻记录的早中全新世海平面上升事件.古生物学报,55:495-507
肖霞云,沈吉,肖海丰,王苏民,童国榜.2007.云南鹤庆盆地2.780~1.802Ma BP期间的古植被和古气候.第四纪研究,27:417-426
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王伟铭,舒军武,陈炜,丁金龙.2010.长江三角洲地区全新世环境变化与人类活动的影响.第四纪研究,30:233-244
吴征镒.1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.1-1071
许雪氓,Chang W Y B,刘金陵.1996.11000年以来太湖地区的植被与气候变化.古生物学报,35:175-186
沈吉,肖霞云.2018.2万年来南亚季风演化历史.第四纪研究,38:799-820
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肖霞云,沈吉,肖海丰,童国榜.2006.云南鹤庆盆地中更新世以来的孢粉记录及其植被与气候变化.湖泊科学,18:369-376
蒋雪中,王苏民,羊向东.1998.云南鹤庆盆地30ka以来的古气候与环境变迁.湖泊科学,10:10-16
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Chen X M,Chen F H,Zhou A F,Huang X Z,Tang L Y,Wu D,Zhang X J,Yu J Q.2014.Vegetation history,climatic changes and Indian summer monsoon evolution during the Last Glaciation(36400-13400 cal yr BP)documented by sediments from Xingyun Lake,Yunnan,China.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,410:179-189
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Li C H,Li Y X.2015.Study of modern pollen and stomata from surficial lacustrine sediments from the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau,China.Rev Palaeobot Palynol,221:184-191
Li H C,Liew P M,Seki O,Kuo T S,Kawamura K,Wang L C,Lee T Q.2013.Paleoclimate variability in central Taiwan during the past 30Kyrs reflected by pollen,δ13CTOC,and n-alkane-δD records in a peat sequence from Toushe Basin.J Asian Earth Sci,69:166-176
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Meng Y T,Wang W M,Hu J F,Zhang J X,Lai Y J.2007.Vegetation and climate changes over the last 30000 years on the Leizhou Peninsula,southern China,inferred from the pollen record of Huguangyan Maar Lake.Boreas,46:525-540
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Wang W M,Ding J L,Shu J W,Chen W.2010.Exploration of early rice farming in China.Quat Int,227:22-28
Xiao X Y,Haberle S G,Shen J,Yang X D,Han Y,Zhang E L,Wang SM.2014a.Latest Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation and climate history inferred from an alpine lacustrine record,northwestern Yunnan Province,southwestern China.Quat Sci Rev,86:35-48
Xiao X Y,Haberle S G,Yang X D,Shen J,Han Y,Wang S M.2014b.New evidence on deglacial climatic variability from an alpine lacustrine record in northwestern Yunnan Province,southwestern China.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,406:9-21
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侯学煜.1988.中国自然地理,植物地理(下册)(中国植被地理).北京:科学出版社.1-318
纪明.2013.滇中星云湖记录的52ka以来植被演替与古气候变迁.博士学位论文.北京:中国科学院大学.1-128
李旭,刘金陵.1988.四川西昌螺髻山全新世植被与环境变化.地理学报,43:44-51
李杰,郑卓,Rachid C,杨士雄,黄康有.2013.神农架大九湖四万年以来的植被与气候变化.地理学报,68:69-81
吕厚远,刘嘉麒,储国强,顾兆炎,Negendank J,Schettler G,Mingram J.2003.末次冰期以来湛江湖光岩玛珥湖孢粉记录及古环境变化.古生物学报,42:284-291
孟玉婷.2015.华南湖光岩地区晚更新世以来的孢粉组合及其环境意义.硕士学位论文.北京:中国科学院大学.1-116
孟玉婷,王伟铭,李保华,丁金龙.2014.长江三角洲锦溪地区全新世气候适宜期孢粉组合及其环境意义.古生物学报,53:201-209
龙瑞华,李百福,Brenner M,宋学良.1991.云南中部杞麓湖地区晚更新世-全新世植被研究.云南地质,10:105-118
沈才明,王开发,陈培红.1989.珠江三角洲第四纪晚期孢粉组合.热带海洋,8:61-71
舒军武,王伟铭,陈炜.2007a.太湖平原西北部全新世以来植被与环境变化.微体古生物学报,24:210-221
舒军武,王伟铭,王爱根.2007b.江苏宜兴龙池山现代植物表土孢粉的初步研究.古生物学报,46:340-346
舒军武,王希华,秦际威,王伟铭.2010.浙江宁波天童山国家森林公园表土花粉初步分析.微体古生物学报,27:253-262
唐领余.1992.云南勐海地区四万年以来植被史与气候.微体古生物学报,9:433-455
童国榜,吴瑞金,吴艳宏,石英,刘志明,李月丛.2000.四川冕宁地区一万年来的植被与环境演变.微体古生物学报,17:470-477
吴燕妮,李冬玲,沙龙滨,舒军武,王伟铭,徐晓群.2016.浙江白马湖地区硅藻记录的早中全新世海平面上升事件.古生物学报,55:495-507
肖霞云,沈吉,肖海丰,王苏民,童国榜.2007.云南鹤庆盆地2.780~1.802Ma BP期间的古植被和古气候.第四纪研究,27:417-426
萧家仪,商志远,舒强,尹建吉,吴小爽.2018.中国南方内陆山地末次冰盛期植被特征及古环境意义.中国科学:地球科学,48:651-660
羊向东,王苏民,童国榜,吴敬禄,蒋雪中.1998.云南鹤庆古湖晚更新世的孢粉记录及其古气候学意义.第四纪研究,11:335-343
郑卓,王建华,王斌,刘春莲,邹和平,张华,邓韫,白雁.2003.海南岛双池玛珥湖全新世高分辨率环境纪录.科学通报,48:282-286
王伟铭,舒军武,陈炜,丁金龙.2010.长江三角洲地区全新世环境变化与人类活动的影响.第四纪研究,30:233-244
吴征镒.1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.1-1071
许雪氓,Chang W Y B,刘金陵.1996.11000年以来太湖地区的植被与气候变化.古生物学报,35:175-186
沈吉,肖霞云.2018.2万年来南亚季风演化历史.第四纪研究,38:799-820
刘金陵,叶萍宜.1977.上海、浙江某些地区第四纪孢粉组合及其在地层和古气候上的意义.古生物学报,16:1-10
高凤岐.1988.利川南坪泥炭形成的环境分析.地理研究,7:59-66
肖霞云,沈吉,肖海丰,童国榜.2006.云南鹤庆盆地中更新世以来的孢粉记录及其植被与气候变化.湖泊科学,18:369-376
蒋雪中,王苏民,羊向东.1998.云南鹤庆盆地30ka以来的古气候与环境变迁.湖泊科学,10:10-16
Andersen K K,Azuma N,Barnola J M,Bigler M,Biscaye P,Caillon N,Chappellaz J,Clausen H B,Dahl-Jensen D,Fischer H,Flückiger J,Fritzsche D,Fujii Y,Goto-Azuma K,Gr?nvold K,Gundestrup N S,Hansson M,Huber C,Hvidberg C S,Johnsen S J,Jonsell U,Jouzel J,Kipfstuhl S,Landais A,Leuenberger M,Lorrain R,MassonDelmotte V,Miller H,Motoyama H,Narita H,Popp T,Rasmussen S O,Raynaud D,Rothlisberger R,Ruth U,Samyn D,Schwander J,Shoji H,Siggard-Andersen M L,Steffensen J P,Stocker T,Sveinbj?rnsdóttir A E,Svensson A,Takata M,Tison J L,Thorsteinsson T,Watanabe O,Wilhelms F,White J W C,White JW C.2004.High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period.Nature,431:147-151
Chen W,Wang W M,Dai X R.2009.Holocene vegetation history with implications of human impact in the Lake Chaohu area,Anhui Province,East China.Veget Hist Archaeobot,18:137-146
Chen X M,Chen F H,Zhou A F,Huang X Z,Tang L Y,Wu D,Zhang X J,Yu J Q.2014.Vegetation history,climatic changes and Indian summer monsoon evolution during the Last Glaciation(36400-13400 cal yr BP)documented by sediments from Xingyun Lake,Yunnan,China.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,410:179-189
Cook C G,Jones R T,Langdon P G,Leng M J,Zhang E.2011.New insights on Late Quaternary Asian palaeomonsoon variability and the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum in southwestern China.Quat Sci Rev,30:808-820
Jarvis D I.1993.Pollen evidence of changing Holocene Monsoon climate in Sichuan Province,China.Quat Res,39:325-337
Jarvis D I,Clay-Poole S T.1992.A comparison of modern pollen rain and vegetation in southwestern Sichuan Province,China.Rev Palaeobot Palynol,75:239-258
Li C H,Li Y X.2015.Study of modern pollen and stomata from surficial lacustrine sediments from the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau,China.Rev Palaeobot Palynol,221:184-191
Li H C,Liew P M,Seki O,Kuo T S,Kawamura K,Wang L C,Lee T Q.2013.Paleoclimate variability in central Taiwan during the past 30Kyrs reflected by pollen,δ13CTOC,and n-alkane-δD records in a peat sequence from Toushe Basin.J Asian Earth Sci,69:166-176
Liew P M,Huang S Y,Kuo C M.2006.Pollen stratigraphy,vegetation and environment of the last glacial and Holocene-A record from Toushe Basin,central Taiwan.Quat Int,147:16-33
Lin S M,Qiao Y L,Walker D.1986.Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation history at Xi Hu,Er Yuan,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.J Biogeogr,13:419-440
Meng Y T,Wang W M,Hu J F,Zhang J X,Lai Y J.2007.Vegetation and climate changes over the last 30000 years on the Leizhou Peninsula,southern China,inferred from the pollen record of Huguangyan Maar Lake.Boreas,46:525-540
Shu J W,Wang W M,Jiang L P.2012.Did alder(Alnus)fires trigger rice cultivation in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,East China?Palaeoworld,21:69-73
Sun X J,Li X,Beug H J.1999.Pollen distribution in hemipelagic surface sediments of the South China Sea and its relation to modern vegetation distribution.Mar Geol,156:211-226
Wang W M,Ding J L,Shu J W,Chen W.2010.Exploration of early rice farming in China.Quat Int,227:22-28
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