西石门铁矿缓倾斜破碎矿体崩落法开采损失贫化控制
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摘要
西石门铁矿北区新探矿体为缓倾斜破碎的厚—中厚矿体,地压显现严重,属于极度难采矿体。矿山采用无底柱分段崩落法开采,受矿体倾角和厚度限制,开采中损失贫化较大。为制定损失贫化控制措施,在研究矿石散体流动规律、矿岩冒落规律和损失贫化发生过程的基础上,根据垂直方向上回采分段数量的差异将矿体划分为不同开采区域,分别制定了损失贫化控制措施。针对3个分段的回采区域,因其贫化会较大,主要制定的贫化控制措施是实行当次废石混入率与单一步距总的放出量2项指标控制的低贫化放矿;针对小于3个分段的回采区域,若矿石被崩入空区,由于下部分段无回收条件,损失会较大,需控制损失,可采用双进路同步距回采的方式,促使矿岩快速冒落形成覆岩下放矿条件,减少崩入空区矿石量;另外总结了回采过程中脊部存留矿石问题的处理措施。这些措施在西石门铁矿北区新探矿体开采过程中得以应用,损失率为16.34%,贫化率为22.51%,效果良好。
The new prospected ore-body in the northern area of Xishimen Iron Mine is a gently inclined and fractured thick-medium orebody with serious ground pressure,which is extremely difficult to be mined. The pillarless sublevel caving method is adopted in the mine. With limitation of dip angle and thickness of ore body,the loss and dilution rates are relatively high in the mining. In order to formulate control measures for ore loss and dilution,on the basis of studying the law of ore bulk flow,the law of caving and the occurrence process of loss and dilution,the ore body is divided into different mining areas according to the difference of the number of mining segments in vertical direction. So the measures for controlling ore loss and dilution are formulated respectively. Aiming at the mining area of three sections,the dilution control measures are mainly formulated due to higher dilution. The low dilution ore drawing are controlled by two indicators of the mixing rate of waste rocks and the total discharge amount of single step. For the mining area of smaller than three sections,and once the ore is caved into the goaf,resulting in higher loss rate due to the unconditional recovery of the lower section. Therefore,this loss need to be controlled. The double-way synchronous-distance mining can promote the rapid caving of ore and rock and form the ore-drawing condition of overlying strata to reduce the amount of ore caved into the goaf. In addition,the measures to deal with the problem of retained ore in the ridge during the mining process are summarized. These measures have been applied in the mining process of the new prospected body in the northern area of Xishimen Iron Mine with good effect of the loss rate 16.34% and the dilution rate 22.51%.
The new prospected ore-body in the northern area of Xishimen Iron Mine is a gently inclined and fractured thick-medium orebody with serious ground pressure,which is extremely difficult to be mined. The pillarless sublevel caving method is adopted in the mine. With limitation of dip angle and thickness of ore body,the loss and dilution rates are relatively high in the mining. In order to formulate control measures for ore loss and dilution,on the basis of studying the law of ore bulk flow,the law of caving and the occurrence process of loss and dilution,the ore body is divided into different mining areas according to the difference of the number of mining segments in vertical direction. So the measures for controlling ore loss and dilution are formulated respectively. Aiming at the mining area of three sections,the dilution control measures are mainly formulated due to higher dilution. The low dilution ore drawing are controlled by two indicators of the mixing rate of waste rocks and the total discharge amount of single step. For the mining area of smaller than three sections,and once the ore is caved into the goaf,resulting in higher loss rate due to the unconditional recovery of the lower section. Therefore,this loss need to be controlled. The double-way synchronous-distance mining can promote the rapid caving of ore and rock and form the ore-drawing condition of overlying strata to reduce the amount of ore caved into the goaf. In addition,the measures to deal with the problem of retained ore in the ridge during the mining process are summarized. These measures have been applied in the mining process of the new prospected body in the northern area of Xishimen Iron Mine with good effect of the loss rate 16.34% and the dilution rate 22.51%.
引文
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[9]张志贵，陈星明，叶青，等.大结构参数无底柱分段崩落法在缓倾斜中厚矿体中的应用[J].金属矿山，2015(8):1-5.Zhang Zhigui,Chen Xingming,Ye Qing,et al. Application of sublevel caving with larger parameters in gently inclined mid-thick orebody[J]. Metal Mine,2015(8):1-5.
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[11]杨清林，孙德宁，于政海，等.复杂难采硫化铅锌矿体高效采矿方法研究[J].有色金属：矿山部分，2016,68(1):6-8.Yang Qinglin,Sun Dening,Yu Zhenghai,et al.Study on efficient mining method of complicated and difficult mining Pb-Zn Sulfide Ore Body[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2016,68(1):6-8.
[12]Zhang Z X. Effect of double-primer placement on rock fracture and ore recovery[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2014,71:208-216.
[13]赵彬，王新民，张钦礼.缓倾斜中厚难采矿体开采技术探讨[J].化工矿物与加工，2008,37(2):34-37.Zhao Bin,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli. Study on the mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore body[J]. Industrial Minerals&Processing,2008,37(2):34-37.
[14]修蕾，乔木，李志军，等.缓倾斜中厚矿体开采方法研究[J].有色金属：矿山部分，2011(2):8-10.Xiu Lei,Qiao Mu,Li Zhijun,et al. Research of mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2011(2):8-10.
[15]任凤玉，陶干强，王家宝.西石门铁矿自落顶设回收进路的无底柱分段崩落法试验研究[J].采矿技术，2001,1(2):38-41.Ren Fengyu,Tao Ganqiang,Wang Jiabao. Experimental study on no-pillar sublevel caving method with self-falling roof and recovery drift in Xishimen Iron Mine[J]. Mining Technology,2001,1(2):38-41.
[16]王述红，任凤玉，魏永军，等.矿岩散体流动参数物理模拟实验[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版，2003,24(7):699-702.Wang Shuhong,Ren Fengyu,Wei Yongjun,et al. Experimental physical simulationof mineral moving[J]. Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2003,24(7):699-702.
[17]任凤玉.随机介质放矿理论及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社，1994.Ren Fengyu. Theory of Random Medium and Its Application[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1994.
[18]周宗红，任凤玉，袁国强.桃冲铁矿采空区处理方法研究[J].中国矿业，2005(2):15-16.Zhou Zonghong,Ren Fengyu,Yuan Guoqiang. Study on treatment method of the mined area in Taochong Iron Mine[J]. China Mining Magazine,2005(2):15-16.
[19]刘兴国，张国联.论无底柱分段崩落法放矿方式[J].金属矿山，2004(2):5-7.Liu Xingguo,Zhang Guolian. Ore drawing mode in pillarless sublevel caving[J]. Metal Mine,2004(2):5-7.
[2]Jin Aibing,Hao Sun,Ma Guowei,et al. A study on the draw laws of caved ore and rock using the discrete element method[J]. Computers Geotechnics,2016,80:59-70.
[3]胡建华，郭福钟，罗先伟，等.缓倾斜中厚矿体崩落开采矿石流动规律仿真与放矿参数优化[J].中南大学学报：自然科学版，2015(5):1772-1777.Hu Jianhua,Guo Fuzhong,Luo Xianwei,et al. Simulation of ore flow behavior and optimization of discharge parameters for caving method in gently inclined medium thickness ore-body[J]. Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2015(5):1772-1777.
[4]李英碧，张志贵，陈星明，等.缓倾斜中厚矿体无底柱分段崩落法合理回采工艺研究[J].中国矿业，2015(10):132-136.Li Yingbi,Zhang Zhigui,Chen Mingxing,et al. Research on suitable mining techniques for sublevel caving under condition of gently inclined mid-thick ore body[J].China Mining Magazine,2015(10):132-136.
[5]孙文勇，陈星明，王伟，等.缓倾斜中厚矿体无底柱分段崩落法下盘残留矿石合理回采工艺研究[J].金属矿山，2014(2):12-16.Sun Wenyong,Chen Xingming,Wang Wei,et al. Reasonable mining technology of football residual ores in pillarless sublevel caving of gently inclined medium thickness ore-body[J]. Metal Mine,2014(2):12-16.
[6]丁航行，任凤玉，曹建立，等.导流放矿技术在谦比希铜矿的应用[J].中国矿业，2011,20(4):55-57.Ding Hangxing,Ren Fengyu,Cao Jianli,et al. Application of diversion drawing technology in Chambishi Copper Mine[J]. China Mining Magazine,2011,20(4):55-57.
[7]常帅，任凤玉，张法胜，等.西石门铁矿南Ⅱ区深部难采矿体采矿工艺改进[J].金属矿山，2012(6):1-3.Chang Shuai,Ren Fengyu,Zhang Fasheng,et al. Mining technical improvement for deep and difficult mining orebody in Southern DistrictⅡof Xishimen Iron Mine[J]. Mteal Mine,2012(6):1-3.
[8]何鑫，任凤玉.西石门铁矿南区高效开采工艺研究[J].金属矿山，2013(1):53-55.He Xin,Ren Fengyu. Study on the high efficient mining techniques in South Section of Xishimen Iron Mine[J]. Metal Mine,2013(1):53-55.
[9]张志贵，陈星明，叶青，等.大结构参数无底柱分段崩落法在缓倾斜中厚矿体中的应用[J].金属矿山，2015(8):1-5.Zhang Zhigui,Chen Xingming,Ye Qing,et al. Application of sublevel caving with larger parameters in gently inclined mid-thick orebody[J]. Metal Mine,2015(8):1-5.
[10]刘娜，任凤玉，何荣兴，等.无底柱分段崩落法损失贫化细部控制方法研究[J].金属矿山，2016(11):10-15.Liu Na,Ren Fengyu,He Rongxing,et al. Approach of ore loss and dilution control in sublevel caving method[J]. Metal Mine,2016(11):10-15.
[11]杨清林，孙德宁，于政海，等.复杂难采硫化铅锌矿体高效采矿方法研究[J].有色金属：矿山部分，2016,68(1):6-8.Yang Qinglin,Sun Dening,Yu Zhenghai,et al.Study on efficient mining method of complicated and difficult mining Pb-Zn Sulfide Ore Body[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2016,68(1):6-8.
[12]Zhang Z X. Effect of double-primer placement on rock fracture and ore recovery[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2014,71:208-216.
[13]赵彬，王新民，张钦礼.缓倾斜中厚难采矿体开采技术探讨[J].化工矿物与加工，2008,37(2):34-37.Zhao Bin,Wang Xinmin,Zhang Qinli. Study on the mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore body[J]. Industrial Minerals&Processing,2008,37(2):34-37.
[14]修蕾，乔木，李志军，等.缓倾斜中厚矿体开采方法研究[J].有色金属：矿山部分，2011(2):8-10.Xiu Lei,Qiao Mu,Li Zhijun,et al. Research of mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies[J]. Nonferrous Metals:Mining Section,2011(2):8-10.
[15]任凤玉，陶干强，王家宝.西石门铁矿自落顶设回收进路的无底柱分段崩落法试验研究[J].采矿技术，2001,1(2):38-41.Ren Fengyu,Tao Ganqiang,Wang Jiabao. Experimental study on no-pillar sublevel caving method with self-falling roof and recovery drift in Xishimen Iron Mine[J]. Mining Technology,2001,1(2):38-41.
[16]王述红，任凤玉，魏永军，等.矿岩散体流动参数物理模拟实验[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版，2003,24(7):699-702.Wang Shuhong,Ren Fengyu,Wei Yongjun,et al. Experimental physical simulationof mineral moving[J]. Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2003,24(7):699-702.
[17]任凤玉.随机介质放矿理论及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社，1994.Ren Fengyu. Theory of Random Medium and Its Application[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1994.
[18]周宗红，任凤玉，袁国强.桃冲铁矿采空区处理方法研究[J].中国矿业，2005(2):15-16.Zhou Zonghong,Ren Fengyu,Yuan Guoqiang. Study on treatment method of the mined area in Taochong Iron Mine[J]. China Mining Magazine,2005(2):15-16.
[19]刘兴国，张国联.论无底柱分段崩落法放矿方式[J].金属矿山，2004(2):5-7.Liu Xingguo,Zhang Guolian. Ore drawing mode in pillarless sublevel caving[J]. Metal Mine,2004(2):5-7.
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