郑州市在用汽车简易瞬态工况法排放限值研究
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摘要
汽车保有量持续增长给中国大气环境带来巨大压力,制定合理有效的汽车排放标准已成为城市大气污染控制的重要组成部分。该研究根据HJ/T 240-2005中规定的简易瞬态工况法排放限值制定原则,采用相对浓度和累积频率法对郑州市50 381份《点燃式发动机汽车简易瞬态工况法排气污染物检测报告》样本中排放测试结果进行统计分析,并根据不同国标下汽车的技术水平、老化程度等,确定国一国二、国三、国四、国五汽车排气污染物达标率分别为70.10%、82.24%、89.41%与94.76%,最终在此基础上提出符合郑州实际情况的在用轻型汽车排放限值。依照本研究提出的在用汽车排放限值将使郑州市汽车年检综合达标率控制在88.68%。
On the basis of principles of simple transient driving mode conditions(VMAS) for emission limits set in HJ/T240-2005, relative concentration and cumulative frequency methods were used to analyse the emission test results of 50 381 detection reports of exhaust pollutants for spark ignition engines under VMAS that was collected from Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhengzhou. Besides, considering the influence of technical level and deterioration, emission compliance rates of vehicles belong to CHINA1&2, CHINA3, CHINA4 and CHINA5 were set as 70.10%, 82.24%, 89.41% and 94.76%, respectively. According to the study, in-use vehicle emission limits will be 88.68% of the comprehensive inspection rate of the annual automobile inspection in Zhengzhou, so as to achieve the screening and control of high-emission in use vehicles.
On the basis of principles of simple transient driving mode conditions(VMAS) for emission limits set in HJ/T240-2005, relative concentration and cumulative frequency methods were used to analyse the emission test results of 50 381 detection reports of exhaust pollutants for spark ignition engines under VMAS that was collected from Environmental Protection Bureau of Zhengzhou. Besides, considering the influence of technical level and deterioration, emission compliance rates of vehicles belong to CHINA1&2, CHINA3, CHINA4 and CHINA5 were set as 70.10%, 82.24%, 89.41% and 94.76%, respectively. According to the study, in-use vehicle emission limits will be 88.68% of the comprehensive inspection rate of the annual automobile inspection in Zhengzhou, so as to achieve the screening and control of high-emission in use vehicles.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2010年中国机动车污染防治年报[Z].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2010.Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China.China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report in2010[Z].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China,2010.
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2011年中国机动车污染防治年报[Z].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2011.Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China.China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report in2011[Z].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China,2011.
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部.2018年中国机动车环境管理年报[Z].北京:中华人民共和国生态环境部,2018.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China.China Vehicle Environmental Management Annual Report in 2018[Z].Beijing:Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China,2018.
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[5]Zhu Rencheng,Hu Jingnan,Bao Xiafeng,et al.Tailpipe emissions from gasoline direct injection(GDI)and port fuel injection(PFI)vehicles at both low and high ambient temperatures[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,216:223-234.
[6]Li Shanshan,Williams G,Guo Yuming.Health benefits from improved outdoor air quality and intervention in China[J].Environment Pollution,2016,214:17-25.
[7]宋国华,鲁洪语.完善城市交通管理减少道路大气污染[J].环境保护,2014,42(24):31-35.Song Guohua,Lu Hongyu.Improving urban traffic management,reducing road air pollution[J].Environment Protection,2014,42(24):31-35.
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[9]Pandey A,Pandey G,Mishra R K.Tailpipe emission from petrol driven passenger cars[J].Transportation ResearchPart D,2016(44):14-29.
[10]Zhu Rencheng,Hu Jingnan,Bao Xiaofeng,et al.Effects of aromatics,olefins and distillation temperatures(T50&T90)on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection(GDI)vehicles[J].Energy Policy,2017,101:185-193.
[11]Na K S.Determination of VOC source signature of vehicle exhaust in a traffic tunnel[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2006(81):392-398.
[12]Muilwijk C,Schrijvers P J C,Wuerz S,et al.Simulations of photochemical smog formation in complex urban areas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:470-484.
[13]白春礼.中国科学院大气灰霾追因与控制研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2017(3):215-218.Bai Chunli.Research progress on the cause and control of atmospheric ash in Chinese Academy of Sciences[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017(3):215-218.
[14]王跃思,姚利,刘子悦,等.京津冀大气霾污染及控制策略思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,28(3):353-363.Wang Yuesi,Yao Li,Liu Ziyue,et al.Haze pollution and control strategy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(3):353-363.
[15]HJ/T 240-2005,确定点燃式发动机在用汽车简易工况法排放污染物排放限值的原则和方法[S].HJ/T 240-2005,The Principle and Method of Detection Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Vehicle Equipped Ignition Engine under Simple Driving Mode Conditions[S].
[16]罗俊明.概率论与数理统计[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2002.Luo Junming.Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics[M].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University Press,2002.
[17]GB/18352.1-2001,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(Ⅰ)[S].GB/18352.1-2001,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅰ)[S].
[18]GB/18352.2-2001,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(Ⅱ)[S].GB/18352.2-2001,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅱ)[S].
[19]GB/18352.3-2005,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅲ,Ⅳ阶段)[S].GB/18352.3-2005,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)[S].
[20]GB/18352.5-2013,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第Ⅴ阶段)[S].GB/18352.5-2013,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(CHINA 5)[S].
[21]Mitropoulos L K,Prevedouros P D.Air pollutants and toxic emissions of various mileage motorcycles for ECE driving cycles[J].Transportation Research-Part D,2015,41:147-159.
[22]Tsai J H,Huang P H,Chiang H L.Air pollutants and toxic emissions of various mileage motorcycles for ECE driving cycles[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,153:126-134.
[23]陶澍.应用数理统计方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994.Tao Shu.Mathematical Statistics Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1994.
[24]吴梅村.数理统计学基本原理与方法[M].成都:西南财经政法大学出版社,2005.Wu Meicun.Fundamentals and Methods of Mathematical Statistics[M].Chengdu:Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Press,2005.
[25]檀忠意.在用汽油车稳态工况法排气污染物排放限值研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.Tan Zhongyi.Research on Emission Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Light Duty Vehicle with Acceleration Simulation Mode Test Procedures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.
[26]朱传勇.点燃式发动机在用轻型汽车简易工况法排气污染物排放限值研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2012.Zhu Chuanyong.Research on Emission Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Light Duty Vehicle Equipped Ignition Engine under Simple Driving Mode Conditions[D].Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2012.
[2]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2011年中国机动车污染防治年报[Z].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部,2011.Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China.China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report in2011[Z].Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China,2011.
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部.2018年中国机动车环境管理年报[Z].北京:中华人民共和国生态环境部,2018.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China.China Vehicle Environmental Management Annual Report in 2018[Z].Beijing:Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China,2018.
[4]贺克斌,郝吉明,傅立新,等.我国汽车排气污染现状与发展[J].环境科学,1996,17(4):80-83.He Kebin,Hao Jiming,Fu Lixin,et al.Status and development of automobile exhaust pollution in China[J].Environmental Science,1996,17(4):80-83.
[5]Zhu Rencheng,Hu Jingnan,Bao Xiafeng,et al.Tailpipe emissions from gasoline direct injection(GDI)and port fuel injection(PFI)vehicles at both low and high ambient temperatures[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,216:223-234.
[6]Li Shanshan,Williams G,Guo Yuming.Health benefits from improved outdoor air quality and intervention in China[J].Environment Pollution,2016,214:17-25.
[7]宋国华,鲁洪语.完善城市交通管理减少道路大气污染[J].环境保护,2014,42(24):31-35.Song Guohua,Lu Hongyu.Improving urban traffic management,reducing road air pollution[J].Environment Protection,2014,42(24):31-35.
[8]赵新燕.郑州市机动车污染排放特征与控制措施研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014,5.Zhao Xinyan.Research on Vehicle Pollution Emission Characteristics and Control Measures in Zhengzhou[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014,5.
[9]Pandey A,Pandey G,Mishra R K.Tailpipe emission from petrol driven passenger cars[J].Transportation ResearchPart D,2016(44):14-29.
[10]Zhu Rencheng,Hu Jingnan,Bao Xiaofeng,et al.Effects of aromatics,olefins and distillation temperatures(T50&T90)on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection(GDI)vehicles[J].Energy Policy,2017,101:185-193.
[11]Na K S.Determination of VOC source signature of vehicle exhaust in a traffic tunnel[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2006(81):392-398.
[12]Muilwijk C,Schrijvers P J C,Wuerz S,et al.Simulations of photochemical smog formation in complex urban areas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,147:470-484.
[13]白春礼.中国科学院大气灰霾追因与控制研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2017(3):215-218.Bai Chunli.Research progress on the cause and control of atmospheric ash in Chinese Academy of Sciences[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017(3):215-218.
[14]王跃思,姚利,刘子悦,等.京津冀大气霾污染及控制策略思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2013,28(3):353-363.Wang Yuesi,Yao Li,Liu Ziyue,et al.Haze pollution and control strategy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(3):353-363.
[15]HJ/T 240-2005,确定点燃式发动机在用汽车简易工况法排放污染物排放限值的原则和方法[S].HJ/T 240-2005,The Principle and Method of Detection Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Vehicle Equipped Ignition Engine under Simple Driving Mode Conditions[S].
[16]罗俊明.概率论与数理统计[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2002.Luo Junming.Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics[M].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University Press,2002.
[17]GB/18352.1-2001,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(Ⅰ)[S].GB/18352.1-2001,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅰ)[S].
[18]GB/18352.2-2001,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(Ⅱ)[S].GB/18352.2-2001,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅱ)[S].
[19]GB/18352.3-2005,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅲ,Ⅳ阶段)[S].GB/18352.3-2005,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(Ⅲ,Ⅳ)[S].
[20]GB/18352.5-2013,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第Ⅴ阶段)[S].GB/18352.5-2013,Limits and Measurement Methods for Emission from Light-duty Vehicles(CHINA 5)[S].
[21]Mitropoulos L K,Prevedouros P D.Air pollutants and toxic emissions of various mileage motorcycles for ECE driving cycles[J].Transportation Research-Part D,2015,41:147-159.
[22]Tsai J H,Huang P H,Chiang H L.Air pollutants and toxic emissions of various mileage motorcycles for ECE driving cycles[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,153:126-134.
[23]陶澍.应用数理统计方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994.Tao Shu.Mathematical Statistics Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1994.
[24]吴梅村.数理统计学基本原理与方法[M].成都:西南财经政法大学出版社,2005.Wu Meicun.Fundamentals and Methods of Mathematical Statistics[M].Chengdu:Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Press,2005.
[25]檀忠意.在用汽油车稳态工况法排气污染物排放限值研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.Tan Zhongyi.Research on Emission Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Light Duty Vehicle with Acceleration Simulation Mode Test Procedures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.
[26]朱传勇.点燃式发动机在用轻型汽车简易工况法排气污染物排放限值研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2012.Zhu Chuanyong.Research on Emission Limits for Exhaust Pollutants from in-use Light Duty Vehicle Equipped Ignition Engine under Simple Driving Mode Conditions[D].Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2012.
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