不同煤体结构煤的孔隙–裂隙分形特征及其对渗透性的影响
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摘要
煤的孔隙–裂隙结构特征是研究储层渗透性的关键问题。为了定量描述孔隙–裂隙结构的复杂程度,以黄陇侏罗纪煤田永陇矿区郭家河井田原生结构煤和碎裂结构煤为研究对象,基于压汞实验数据和扫描电镜(SEM)图像,采用Menger分形模型和计盒维数方法,分别计算不同煤体结构煤的孔隙–裂隙分形维数;同时采用不同孔径段的孔隙体积比作为权重值,计算得到孔隙综合分形维数,探讨孔隙–裂隙结构分形维数和渗透率之间的关系。研究结果表明,脆性构造变形作用对孔隙整体复杂性,裂隙孔、渗流孔复杂性以及微观裂隙复杂程度均具有积极改造作用,对吸附孔结构复杂性具有均一化作用;微观裂隙分形维数与渗透率具有较高非线性关系,脆性构造作用改造下形成的碎裂煤,其具有的孔隙–裂隙结构优势配比是决定储层高渗透性的关键。因此,建议优先考虑弱脆性变形的碎裂结构煤为主体的断层、向斜和背斜区域进行煤层气抽采。
The characteristics of pores and fractures in coal are the basis to study permeability. In this study, the micro-pores and fractures of coal samples with different structure taken from Guojiahe coal mine were analyzed using mercury injection experiment and scanning electron microscope. The micro-pores and fractures of intact coal and cataclastic coal samples were quantitatively analyzed by using Menger sponge and box-counting dimension. The comprehensive fractal dimension was calculated by pore volume weights. Based on fractal theory, the relationship between fractal dimension of coal samples and coal permeability have been discussed. The results show that brittle deformation adds complexity of pores, fracture pores, seepage pores and microfractures, while the deformation uniforms the structural characteristics of adsorption pores. Microfracture dimension has a nonlinear relationship with permeability. The cataclastic coals deformed by brittle deformation have the suitable ratio of fractal dimensions of pores and microfractures determine their high permeability. Thus, cataclastic coal deformed by weak brittle deformation at fault, syncline and anticline are favorable to gas extraction.
The characteristics of pores and fractures in coal are the basis to study permeability. In this study, the micro-pores and fractures of coal samples with different structure taken from Guojiahe coal mine were analyzed using mercury injection experiment and scanning electron microscope. The micro-pores and fractures of intact coal and cataclastic coal samples were quantitatively analyzed by using Menger sponge and box-counting dimension. The comprehensive fractal dimension was calculated by pore volume weights. Based on fractal theory, the relationship between fractal dimension of coal samples and coal permeability have been discussed. The results show that brittle deformation adds complexity of pores, fracture pores, seepage pores and microfractures, while the deformation uniforms the structural characteristics of adsorption pores. Microfracture dimension has a nonlinear relationship with permeability. The cataclastic coals deformed by brittle deformation have the suitable ratio of fractal dimensions of pores and microfractures determine their high permeability. Thus, cataclastic coal deformed by weak brittle deformation at fault, syncline and anticline are favorable to gas extraction.
引文
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[9]王刚，沈俊男，褚翔宇，等.基于CT三维重建的高阶煤孔隙结构综合表征和分析[J].煤炭学报，2017,42(8):2074–2080.WANG Gang,SHEN Junnan,CHU Xiangyu,et al. Characterization and analysis of pores and fissures of high-rank coal based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):2074–2080.
[10] ZHOU H W,ZHONG J C,REN W G,et al. Characterization of pore-fracture networks and their evolution at various measurement scales in coal samples using X-ray mu CT and a fractal method[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2018,189:35–49.
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[13]高为，易同生，金军，等.黔西地区煤样孔隙综合分形特征及对孔渗性的影响[J].煤炭学报，2017,42(5):1258–1265.GAO Wei,YI Tongsheng,JIN Jun,et al. Pore integrated fractal characteristics of coal sample in western Guizhou and its impact to porosity and permeability[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1258–1265.
[14]么玉鹏，姜波，李明，等.构造煤裂隙及渗流孔隙分形特征研究[J].煤矿安全，2016,47(8):5–8.YAO Yupeng,JIANG Bo,LI Ming,et al. Study on fracture and seepage pore fractal characteristics of tectonic coal[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(8):5–8.
[15]宋昱，姜波，李凤丽，等.低–中煤级构造煤纳米孔分形模型适用性及分形特征[J].地球科学，2018,43(5):253–264.SONG Yu,JIANG Bo,LI Fengli,et al. Applicability of fractal models and nanopores’s fractal characteristics for low-middle rank tectonic deformed coals[J]. Earth Science,2018,43(5):253–264.
[16] CAI Yidong,LIU Dameng,PAN Zhejun,et al. Investigating the effects of seepage-pores and fractures on coal permeability by fractal analysis[J]. Transport in Porous Media,2016,111(2):479–497.
[17]王公忠，孙光中.孔隙率对构造煤瓦斯渗透性关系的实验研究[J].煤矿安全，2015,46(7):1–4.WANG Gongzhong,SUN Guangzhong. Experimental research on influence of porosity on tectonic coal gas permeability[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(7):1–4.
[18]刘永茜，侯金玲，张浪，等.孔隙结构控制下的煤体渗透实验研究[J].煤炭学报，2016,41(增刊2):434–440.LIU Yongqian,HOU Jinling,ZHANG Lang,et al. Permeability experiments of pore structure in coal matrix[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):434–440.
[19]叶桢妮，侯恩科，段中会，等.郭家河煤矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测[J].西安科技大学学报，2017,37(1):57–62.YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al. Prediction for gas emission quantity of the working face in Guojiahe coal mine[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):57–62.
[20]汤政，姜波，宋昱，等.宿县矿区构造煤压缩特性及孔隙结构分形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术，2017,45(12):174–181.TANG Zheng,JIANG Bo,SONG Yu,et al. Study on compression characteristics and pore structural fractal feature of structure coal in Suxian mining area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(12):174–181.
[21]姚艳斌，刘大锰，黄文辉，等.两淮煤田煤储层孔–裂隙系统与煤层气产出性能研究[J].煤炭学报，2006,31(2):163–168.YAO Yanbin,LIU Dameng,HUANG Wenhui,et al. Research on the pore fractures system properties of coalbed methane reservoirs and recovery in Huainan and Huaibei coalfields[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):163–168.
[22]张松航，唐书恒，汤达祯，等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤储层渗流孔隙分形特征[J].中国矿业大学学报，2009,38(5):713–718.ZHANG Songhang,TANG Shuheng,TANG Dazhen,et al.Fractal characteristics of coal reservoir seepage pore,eastern margin of Ordos basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(5):713–718.
[23]李明，姜波，兰凤娟，等.黔西–滇东地区不同变形程度煤的孔隙结构及其构造控制效应[J].高校地质学报，2012,18(3):533–538.LI Ming,JIANG Bo,LAN Fengjuan,et al. Pore structures and structural control of coals with different degrees of deformation from western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2012,18(3):533–538.
[24] LU Guanwen,WEI Chongtao,WANG Jilin,et al. Methane adsorption characteristics and adsorption model applicability of tectonically deformed coals in Huaibei coalfield[J]. Energy Fuels,2018,32:7485–7496.
[25]么玉鹏，姜波，李明，等.淮北朱仙庄矿构造煤孔隙结构及其分形表征研究[J].煤炭工程，2016,48(5):98–101.YAO Yupeng,JIANG Bo,LI Ming,et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of tectonic coals from Zhuxianzhuang coal mine in Huaibei coalfield[J]. Coal Engineering,2016,48(5):98–101.
[26] ZHANG Junjian,WEI Chongtao,JU Wei,et al. Stress sensitivity characterization and heterogeneous variation of the pore-fracture system in middle-high rank coals reservoir based on NMR experiments[J]. Fuel,2019,238:331–344.
[2]琚宜文，姜波，侯泉林，等.构造煤结构–成因新分类及其地质意义[J].煤炭学报，2004,29(5):513–517.JU Yiwen,JIANG Bo,HOU Quanlin,et al. The new structure-genetic classification system in tectonically deformed coals and its geological significance[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):513–517.
[3]孟召平，刘珊珊，王保玉，等.不同煤体结构煤的吸附性能及其孔隙结构特征[J].煤炭学报，2015,40(8):1865–1870.MENG Zhaoping,LIU Shanshan,WANG Baoyu,et al. Adsorption capacity and its pore structure of coals with different coal body structure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1865–1870.
[4]张文静，琚宜文，卫明明，等.不同变质变形煤储层吸附/解吸特征及机理研究进展[J].地学前缘，2015,22(2):232–242.ZHANG Wenjing,JU Yiwen,WEI Mingming,et al. Study on characteristics and mechanism of adsorption/desorption on different metamorphic-deformed coal reservoirs[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(2):232–242.
[5]降文萍，张群，姜在炳，等.构造煤孔隙结构对煤层气产气特征的影响[J].天然气地球科学，2016,27(1):173–179.JIANG Wenping,ZHANG Qun,JIANG Zaibing,et al. Effect on CBM drainage characteristics of pore structure of tectonic coal[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(1):173–179.
[6] ZHENG Sijian,YAO Yanbin,LIU Dameng,et al. Characterization of full-scale pore size distribution,porosity and permeability of coals:A novel methodology by nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal analysis theory[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2018,196:148–158.
[7]高彬，黄华州，宁娜，等.构造煤纳米级孔隙特征及其对含气性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探，2018,46(5):182–187.GAO Bin,HUANG Huazhou,NING Na,et al. Pore size characteristics of tectonic coal and its influence on gas bearing properties[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration, 2018, 46(5):182–187.
[8] YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al. Coal reservoir characterization in a tectonic setting and the effects of tectonism on the coalbed methane content[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2019,794628.
[9]王刚，沈俊男，褚翔宇，等.基于CT三维重建的高阶煤孔隙结构综合表征和分析[J].煤炭学报，2017,42(8):2074–2080.WANG Gang,SHEN Junnan,CHU Xiangyu,et al. Characterization and analysis of pores and fissures of high-rank coal based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):2074–2080.
[10] ZHOU H W,ZHONG J C,REN W G,et al. Characterization of pore-fracture networks and their evolution at various measurement scales in coal samples using X-ray mu CT and a fractal method[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2018,189:35–49.
[11]康永尚，孙良忠，张兵，等.中国煤储层渗透率主控因素和煤层气开发对策[J].地质评论，2017,63(5):1401–1417.KANG Yongshang,SUN Liangzhong,ZHANG Bing,et al. The controlling factors of coalbed reservoir permeability and CBM development strategy in China[J]. Geological Review,2017,63(5):1401–1417.
[12]夏红欣，屈争辉，卢晨刚，等.碎裂煤二维显微裂隙自动识别及信息提取[J].煤田地质与勘探，2017,45(2):75–79.XIA Hongxin,QU Zhenghui,LU Chengang,et al. Automatic recognition and information extraction of two-dimensional micro cracks in cataclastic coal[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(2):75–79.
[13]高为，易同生，金军，等.黔西地区煤样孔隙综合分形特征及对孔渗性的影响[J].煤炭学报，2017,42(5):1258–1265.GAO Wei,YI Tongsheng,JIN Jun,et al. Pore integrated fractal characteristics of coal sample in western Guizhou and its impact to porosity and permeability[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1258–1265.
[14]么玉鹏，姜波，李明，等.构造煤裂隙及渗流孔隙分形特征研究[J].煤矿安全，2016,47(8):5–8.YAO Yupeng,JIANG Bo,LI Ming,et al. Study on fracture and seepage pore fractal characteristics of tectonic coal[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(8):5–8.
[15]宋昱，姜波，李凤丽，等.低–中煤级构造煤纳米孔分形模型适用性及分形特征[J].地球科学，2018,43(5):253–264.SONG Yu,JIANG Bo,LI Fengli,et al. Applicability of fractal models and nanopores’s fractal characteristics for low-middle rank tectonic deformed coals[J]. Earth Science,2018,43(5):253–264.
[16] CAI Yidong,LIU Dameng,PAN Zhejun,et al. Investigating the effects of seepage-pores and fractures on coal permeability by fractal analysis[J]. Transport in Porous Media,2016,111(2):479–497.
[17]王公忠，孙光中.孔隙率对构造煤瓦斯渗透性关系的实验研究[J].煤矿安全，2015,46(7):1–4.WANG Gongzhong,SUN Guangzhong. Experimental research on influence of porosity on tectonic coal gas permeability[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(7):1–4.
[18]刘永茜，侯金玲，张浪，等.孔隙结构控制下的煤体渗透实验研究[J].煤炭学报，2016,41(增刊2):434–440.LIU Yongqian,HOU Jinling,ZHANG Lang,et al. Permeability experiments of pore structure in coal matrix[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):434–440.
[19]叶桢妮，侯恩科，段中会，等.郭家河煤矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测[J].西安科技大学学报，2017,37(1):57–62.YE Zhenni,HOU Enke,DUAN Zhonghui,et al. Prediction for gas emission quantity of the working face in Guojiahe coal mine[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):57–62.
[20]汤政，姜波，宋昱，等.宿县矿区构造煤压缩特性及孔隙结构分形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术，2017,45(12):174–181.TANG Zheng,JIANG Bo,SONG Yu,et al. Study on compression characteristics and pore structural fractal feature of structure coal in Suxian mining area[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(12):174–181.
[21]姚艳斌，刘大锰，黄文辉，等.两淮煤田煤储层孔–裂隙系统与煤层气产出性能研究[J].煤炭学报，2006,31(2):163–168.YAO Yanbin,LIU Dameng,HUANG Wenhui,et al. Research on the pore fractures system properties of coalbed methane reservoirs and recovery in Huainan and Huaibei coalfields[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):163–168.
[22]张松航，唐书恒，汤达祯，等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤储层渗流孔隙分形特征[J].中国矿业大学学报，2009,38(5):713–718.ZHANG Songhang,TANG Shuheng,TANG Dazhen,et al.Fractal characteristics of coal reservoir seepage pore,eastern margin of Ordos basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(5):713–718.
[23]李明，姜波，兰凤娟，等.黔西–滇东地区不同变形程度煤的孔隙结构及其构造控制效应[J].高校地质学报，2012,18(3):533–538.LI Ming,JIANG Bo,LAN Fengjuan,et al. Pore structures and structural control of coals with different degrees of deformation from western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2012,18(3):533–538.
[24] LU Guanwen,WEI Chongtao,WANG Jilin,et al. Methane adsorption characteristics and adsorption model applicability of tectonically deformed coals in Huaibei coalfield[J]. Energy Fuels,2018,32:7485–7496.
[25]么玉鹏，姜波，李明，等.淮北朱仙庄矿构造煤孔隙结构及其分形表征研究[J].煤炭工程，2016,48(5):98–101.YAO Yupeng,JIANG Bo,LI Ming,et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of tectonic coals from Zhuxianzhuang coal mine in Huaibei coalfield[J]. Coal Engineering,2016,48(5):98–101.
[26] ZHANG Junjian,WEI Chongtao,JU Wei,et al. Stress sensitivity characterization and heterogeneous variation of the pore-fracture system in middle-high rank coals reservoir based on NMR experiments[J]. Fuel,2019,238:331–344.
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