乌鲁木齐市近几年大气颗粒物中重金属的浓度特征
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摘要
采用重量法对2014年、2015年、2017年采暖期乌鲁木齐市新疆农业大学大气颗粒物TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)进行采集,使用TAS-990型火焰原子吸收分光光度计、PF3型原子荧光光谱仪、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定颗粒物中5种重金属元素的质量浓度,利用富集因子法分析重金属元素的富集程度及来源。结果表明:该采样点采暖期大气颗粒物TSP、PM_(10)的质量浓度在近几年均呈现出下降趋势,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度变化趋势为:2017年>2015年>2014年;重金属元素As的质量浓度在不同粒径大气颗粒物中均为最高值,且采暖期大气颗粒物中除Cr以外的重金属含量、重金属元素的富集程度近几年均呈现明显的下降趋势;重金属As、Cr、Zn、Hg元素更易富集于细颗粒物中。
By using the gravimetric method,the atmospheric TSP,PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) over the campus of Xinjiang Agricultural University at Urumqi,Xinjiang,China were collected during the heating period in 2014,2015 and 2017 and analyzed for their mass concentration of 5 heavy mental elements.TAS-990 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of Zn,PF3 atomic fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg,and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg.The results are as follows: the concentration of Cr is 1.31-8 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of Hg is 0.15-3.14 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of As is 11.79-120.47 ng·m~(-3); the concentration of Zn is 5.16-31.11 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of Pb is 1.05-6.83 ng·m~(-3).The enrichment factor method was used to analyze the enrichment degree and source of heavy metal elements,and the study explored the characteristics of elements and sources of pollution in different particle sizes of air in Xinjiang Agricultural University of Urumqi.The results showed that,during the heating period,the mass concentration of atmospheric particles TSP and PM_(10) showed a downward trend in recent years,and the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) showed an upward trend.In recent years,the mass concentration of heavy metal As in airborne particles with different particle sizes was the highest;the concentration of heavy metals As,Pb and Zn has shown a significant downward trend in recent years,while the concentration of heavy metal Cr has been increasing gradually.The concentration differences of As,Cr,Zn and Hg in different particle sizes were presented in the descending order as PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and TSP,and for Pb the descending order list was TSP,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5),so it showed that the heavy metals As,Cr,Zn and Hg were more easily concentrated in fine particles.The results of enrichment factor analysis showed that the enrichment degree of heavy metals As,Cr,Hg and Zn in atmospheric particulates were presented a descending order list as PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and TSP,the degree of enrichment of As,Pb and Zn in recent years indicated the highest value in 2014,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Cr element,the highest value in 2017,the lowest value in 2014 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Hg element,the highest value in 2015,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2014.The heavy metal Hg element is moderately enriched,indicating that the enrichment is obvious,and its source is determined to be anthropogenic pollution source;the EF_i value of the heavy metal As element is basically in the range from 1 to 10,which belongs to mild enrichment,and its source is judged to be natural and artificial.The EF_i values of heavy metals Zn,Cr,and Pb are between 0 and 10,indicating that they are mainly derived from crustal materials.Overall,the degree of enrichment of the heavy metal elements other than Cr in atmospheric particulate matter TSP,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5) shows a downward trend in recent years,and heavy metal elements in the atmosphere are more likely to be concentrated in fine particles.
By using the gravimetric method,the atmospheric TSP,PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) over the campus of Xinjiang Agricultural University at Urumqi,Xinjiang,China were collected during the heating period in 2014,2015 and 2017 and analyzed for their mass concentration of 5 heavy mental elements.TAS-990 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of Zn,PF3 atomic fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg,and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg.The results are as follows: the concentration of Cr is 1.31-8 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of Hg is 0.15-3.14 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of As is 11.79-120.47 ng·m~(-3); the concentration of Zn is 5.16-31.11 ng·m~(-3);the concentration of Pb is 1.05-6.83 ng·m~(-3).The enrichment factor method was used to analyze the enrichment degree and source of heavy metal elements,and the study explored the characteristics of elements and sources of pollution in different particle sizes of air in Xinjiang Agricultural University of Urumqi.The results showed that,during the heating period,the mass concentration of atmospheric particles TSP and PM_(10) showed a downward trend in recent years,and the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) showed an upward trend.In recent years,the mass concentration of heavy metal As in airborne particles with different particle sizes was the highest;the concentration of heavy metals As,Pb and Zn has shown a significant downward trend in recent years,while the concentration of heavy metal Cr has been increasing gradually.The concentration differences of As,Cr,Zn and Hg in different particle sizes were presented in the descending order as PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and TSP,and for Pb the descending order list was TSP,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5),so it showed that the heavy metals As,Cr,Zn and Hg were more easily concentrated in fine particles.The results of enrichment factor analysis showed that the enrichment degree of heavy metals As,Cr,Hg and Zn in atmospheric particulates were presented a descending order list as PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and TSP,the degree of enrichment of As,Pb and Zn in recent years indicated the highest value in 2014,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Cr element,the highest value in 2017,the lowest value in 2014 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Hg element,the highest value in 2015,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2014.The heavy metal Hg element is moderately enriched,indicating that the enrichment is obvious,and its source is determined to be anthropogenic pollution source;the EF_i value of the heavy metal As element is basically in the range from 1 to 10,which belongs to mild enrichment,and its source is judged to be natural and artificial.The EF_i values of heavy metals Zn,Cr,and Pb are between 0 and 10,indicating that they are mainly derived from crustal materials.Overall,the degree of enrichment of the heavy metal elements other than Cr in atmospheric particulate matter TSP,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5) shows a downward trend in recent years,and heavy metal elements in the atmosphere are more likely to be concentrated in fine particles.
引文
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[19] 帕丽达·牙合甫,努尔比亚·藿加吾买尔,麦麦提·斯马义.乌鲁木齐采暖期TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5中重金属污染水平评价[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):56-59.[ YAHEFU Palida,HUOJIAWUMAIER Nuerbiya,SIMAYI Maimaiti.Evaluation on heavy metal pollution levels in TSP,PM10,PM5,PM2.5 during heating period of Urumqi[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(5):56-59.]
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[22] 沈轶,陈立民,孙久宽,等.上海市大气PM2.5中Cu、Zn、Pb、As等元素的浓度特征[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2002,41(4):405-408.[SHEN Yi,CHEN Limin,SUN Jiukuan,et al.Concentration feature of element Cu,Zn,Pb,As,et al in PM2.5 of Shanghai atmosphere[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),2002,41(4):405-408.]
[23] WANG Q Q,TAN J H,MA Y L,et al.Characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5 during winter in Foshan City[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(8):1384-1391.
[24] YUAN X Y,YE Z X,YANG H J,et al.Characteristics of fine particles in urban road atmospheric environment in Chengdu[J.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(9):4598-4602.
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