不同加载速率下玄武岩三点弯断裂性能及破坏形貌的试验研究
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摘要
对不同加载速率下的玄武岩展开了三点弯断裂试验研究,探讨了荷载-位移曲线变化规律及裂纹扩展机理,分析了试样断裂面粗糙度系数随加载速率及开裂荷载的变化关系。结果发现:当加载速率在0.005～5mm/s范围内增加时,试样的断裂峰值荷载有增大趋势,而最大位移有不同程度减小,荷载-位移曲线的弹性阶段明显突出,上凹阶段与裂纹失稳扩展阶段有所隐退。裂缝扩展高度一定时,开裂荷载随加载速率的增加而增大,且断裂面粗糙度系数与加载速率呈显著的对数函数递减趋势;而加载速率一定时,开裂荷载随裂缝扩展高度的增加而增大。试样不同高度处的开裂荷载与断裂面粗糙度系数呈明显的幂函数递减关系。
Three-point bending fracture experiment of basalt under different loading rates was carried out, and the variation pattern of load-displacement curve and crack propagation mechanism were discussed, The relationship among roughness coefficient of specimen fracture surface, loading rate and cracking load was analyzed. Results reveal that when loading rate increases in the range of 0.005～5 mm/s, the peak load of fracture increases, but the maximum displacement decreases to some extent. Meanwhile, the elastic stage of load-displacement curve is obvious protruding, the concave stage and the crack instability expansion stage have faded. When the crack propagation height is constant, the cracking load increases with the increase of loading rate, and the roughness coefficient of fracture surface shows a significant decreasing trend of logarithmic function with the loading rate changed. When the loading rate is constant, the cracking load increases with the increase of crack extension height when loading rate is fixed. There is obvious power function decreasing relation between roughness coefficient and cracking load at different height of specimen.
Three-point bending fracture experiment of basalt under different loading rates was carried out, and the variation pattern of load-displacement curve and crack propagation mechanism were discussed, The relationship among roughness coefficient of specimen fracture surface, loading rate and cracking load was analyzed. Results reveal that when loading rate increases in the range of 0.005～5 mm/s, the peak load of fracture increases, but the maximum displacement decreases to some extent. Meanwhile, the elastic stage of load-displacement curve is obvious protruding, the concave stage and the crack instability expansion stage have faded. When the crack propagation height is constant, the cracking load increases with the increase of loading rate, and the roughness coefficient of fracture surface shows a significant decreasing trend of logarithmic function with the loading rate changed. When the loading rate is constant, the cracking load increases with the increase of crack extension height when loading rate is fixed. There is obvious power function decreasing relation between roughness coefficient and cracking load at different height of specimen.
引文
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[9] 许江,唐晓军,李树春,等.周期性循环载荷作用下岩石声发射规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1241-1246 (XU Jiang,TANG Xiaojun,LI Shuchun,et al.Experimental research on acoustic emission rules of rock under cyclic loading[J].Rock & Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1241-1246 (in Chinese))
[10] 张学朋,蒋宇静,王刚,等.基于颗粒离散元模型的不同加载速率下花岗岩数值试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(9):2679-2686 (ZHANG Xueming,JIANG Yujing,WANG Gang,et al.Numerical experiments on rate-dependent behaviors of granite based on particle discrete element model[J].Rock & Soil Mechanics,2016,37(9):2679-2686 (in Chinese))
[11] 孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.尺寸效应和应变速率对岩石力学特性影响的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(2):233-243 (MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Effect of the size and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of rock specimens[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(2):233-243 (in Chinese))
[12] Perie P J,Monteiro P.Determination of fracture mechanism by microscopic observation of cracks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,1991,28(1):83-84.
[13] 谢和平,高峰,周宏伟,等.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(4):1-9 (XIE Heping,GAO Feng,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Fractal fracture and fragmentation in rocks[J].Journal of Seismology,2003,23(4):1-9 (in Chinese))
[14] 左建平,黄亚明,刘连峰.含偏置缺口玄武岩原位三点弯曲细观断裂研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):740-746 (ZUO Jianping,HUANG Yaming,LIU Lianfeng.Investigation on meso-fracture mechanism of basalt with offset notch based on in-situ three-point bending tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2013,32(4):740-746 (in Chinese))
[15] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part I:experimental investigation of crack propagation[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):111-149.
[16] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part II:analytical evaluating and practical measuring methods for three-point bending notched beams[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):151-177.
[17] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part III:compact tension specimens and wedge splitting specimens[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):179-193.
[18] 李部,黄润秋,吴礼舟.类岩石脆性材料非闭合裂纹的Ⅰ-Ⅱ压剪复合型断裂准则研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(4):662-668 (LI Bu,HUANG Ruiqiu,WU Lizhu.Compression-shear fracture criteria for mixed mode I-II of open crack of rock-like brittle materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(4):662-668 (in Chinese))
[19] 谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010 (XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010 (in Chinese))
[20] 谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云,等.岩体变形破坏过程的能量机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1729-1740 (XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun,et al.Energy mechanism of deformation and failure of rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2008,27(9):1729-1740 (in Chinese))
[21] Sih G C.Some basic problems in fracture mechanics and new concepts[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1973,5(2):365-377.
[22] 徐小丽,陈琳,高峰,等.花岗岩的加载速率效应及能量机制研究[J].固体力学学报,2015,36(2):154-163 (XU Xiaoli,CHEN Lin,GAO Feng,et al.Studies on loading rate effects and energy mechanism of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2015,36(2):154-163 (in Chinese))
[23] 党发宁,潘峰,焦凯,等.不均匀脆性材料动强度提高机理及破坏形态研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2015(3):111-118 (DANG Faning,PAN Feng,JIAO Kai,et al.Mechanism for enhancement of dynamic strength and failure model of nonuniform brittle materials[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2015(3):111-118 (in Chinese))
[24] 董宇光,李慧剑,郝圣旺.混凝土剪切断裂能与分形维数关系的研究[J].实验力学,2003,18(4):466-472 (DONG Yuguang,LI Huijian,HAO Shengwang.A study on the relationship between shear fracture energy of concrete and fractal dimension[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2003,18(4):466-472 (in Chinese))
[25] 佟钰,朱长军,田鑫,等.碳纤维混凝土受弯断面的数字重构与断裂能计算[J].实验力学,2016,31(2):269-276 (TONG Yu,ZHU Changjun,TIAN Xin.Digital reconstruction of bent fracture surface and fracture energy calculation of carbon fiber reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(2):269-276 (in Chinese))
[26] El-Soudani S M.Profilometric analysis of fractures[J].Metallography,1978,11(3):247-336.
[2] 王洪亮,范鹏贤,王明洋,等.应变率对红砂岩渐进破坏过程和特征应力的影响[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1340-1346 (WANG Hongliang,FAN Pengxian,WANG Mingyang,et al.Influence of strain rate on progressive failure process and characteristic stresses of red sandstone[J].Rock & Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1340-1346 (in Chinese))
[3] 杨仁树,苏洪,陈程,等.相互贯通裂纹动态断裂的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(13):134-139 (YANG Renshu,SU Hong,CHEN Cheng,et al.Tests for dynamic fracture of interconnected cracks[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(13):134-139 (in Chinese))
[4] 任利,谢和平,谢凌志,等.基于断裂力学的裂隙岩体强度分析初探[J].工程力学,2013,30(2):156-162 (REN Li,XIE Heping,XIE Lingzhi,et al.Preliminary study on strength of cracked rock specimen based on fracture mechanics[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(2):156-180 (in Chinese))
[5] 黄达,黄润秋,张永兴.粗晶大理岩单轴压缩力学特性的静态加载速率效应及能量机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):245-255 (HUANG Da,HUANG Ruiqiu,ZHANG Yongxing.Experimental investigations on static loading rate effects on mechanical properties and energy mechanism of coarse crystal grain marble under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2012,31(2):245-255 (in Chinese))
[6] Qi C,Wang M,Qian Q.Strain-rate effects on the strength and fragmentation size of rocks[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2009,36(12):1355-1364.
[7] 尹小涛,葛修润,李春光,等.加载速率对岩石材料力学行为的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(s1):2610-2615 (YIN Xiaotao,Ge Xiurui,LI Chunguang,et al.Influences of loading rates on mechanical behaviors of rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2010,29(s1):2610-2615 (in Chinese))
[8] Zhou X P,Yang H Q,Zhang Y X,et al.Rate dependent critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone[J].Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics,2009,51(1):57-61.
[9] 许江,唐晓军,李树春,等.周期性循环载荷作用下岩石声发射规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1241-1246 (XU Jiang,TANG Xiaojun,LI Shuchun,et al.Experimental research on acoustic emission rules of rock under cyclic loading[J].Rock & Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1241-1246 (in Chinese))
[10] 张学朋,蒋宇静,王刚,等.基于颗粒离散元模型的不同加载速率下花岗岩数值试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(9):2679-2686 (ZHANG Xueming,JIANG Yujing,WANG Gang,et al.Numerical experiments on rate-dependent behaviors of granite based on particle discrete element model[J].Rock & Soil Mechanics,2016,37(9):2679-2686 (in Chinese))
[11] 孟庆彬,韩立军,浦海,等.尺寸效应和应变速率对岩石力学特性影响的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(2):233-243 (MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,PU Hai,et al.Effect of the size and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of rock specimens[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(2):233-243 (in Chinese))
[12] Perie P J,Monteiro P.Determination of fracture mechanism by microscopic observation of cracks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts,1991,28(1):83-84.
[13] 谢和平,高峰,周宏伟,等.岩石断裂和破碎的分形研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(4):1-9 (XIE Heping,GAO Feng,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Fractal fracture and fragmentation in rocks[J].Journal of Seismology,2003,23(4):1-9 (in Chinese))
[14] 左建平,黄亚明,刘连峰.含偏置缺口玄武岩原位三点弯曲细观断裂研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):740-746 (ZUO Jianping,HUANG Yaming,LIU Lianfeng.Investigation on meso-fracture mechanism of basalt with offset notch based on in-situ three-point bending tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2013,32(4):740-746 (in Chinese))
[15] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part I:experimental investigation of crack propagation[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):111-149.
[16] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part II:analytical evaluating and practical measuring methods for three-point bending notched beams[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):151-177.
[17] Xu S,Reinhardt H W.Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture,Part III:compact tension specimens and wedge splitting specimens[J].International Journal of Fracture,1999,98(2):179-193.
[18] 李部,黄润秋,吴礼舟.类岩石脆性材料非闭合裂纹的Ⅰ-Ⅱ压剪复合型断裂准则研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(4):662-668 (LI Bu,HUANG Ruiqiu,WU Lizhu.Compression-shear fracture criteria for mixed mode I-II of open crack of rock-like brittle materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(4):662-668 (in Chinese))
[19] 谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3003-3010 (XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2005,24(17):3003-3010 (in Chinese))
[20] 谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云,等.岩体变形破坏过程的能量机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1729-1740 (XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun,et al.Energy mechanism of deformation and failure of rock masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics & Engineering,2008,27(9):1729-1740 (in Chinese))
[21] Sih G C.Some basic problems in fracture mechanics and new concepts[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1973,5(2):365-377.
[22] 徐小丽,陈琳,高峰,等.花岗岩的加载速率效应及能量机制研究[J].固体力学学报,2015,36(2):154-163 (XU Xiaoli,CHEN Lin,GAO Feng,et al.Studies on loading rate effects and energy mechanism of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2015,36(2):154-163 (in Chinese))
[23] 党发宁,潘峰,焦凯,等.不均匀脆性材料动强度提高机理及破坏形态研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2015(3):111-118 (DANG Faning,PAN Feng,JIAO Kai,et al.Mechanism for enhancement of dynamic strength and failure model of nonuniform brittle materials[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,2015(3):111-118 (in Chinese))
[24] 董宇光,李慧剑,郝圣旺.混凝土剪切断裂能与分形维数关系的研究[J].实验力学,2003,18(4):466-472 (DONG Yuguang,LI Huijian,HAO Shengwang.A study on the relationship between shear fracture energy of concrete and fractal dimension[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2003,18(4):466-472 (in Chinese))
[25] 佟钰,朱长军,田鑫,等.碳纤维混凝土受弯断面的数字重构与断裂能计算[J].实验力学,2016,31(2):269-276 (TONG Yu,ZHU Changjun,TIAN Xin.Digital reconstruction of bent fracture surface and fracture energy calculation of carbon fiber reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(2):269-276 (in Chinese))
[26] El-Soudani S M.Profilometric analysis of fractures[J].Metallography,1978,11(3):247-336.
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