活化方式对过硫酸盐强化剩余污泥发酵的影响
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摘要
对比考察了二价铁(Fe~(2+))、零价铁(ZVI)、超声波(US)3种活化方式对过硫酸盐(S_2O_8~(2-))预处理剩余污泥的溶胞性能,并研究其对污泥厌氧发酵产酸进程的促进效能.结果表明,相对比未预处理污泥,S_2O_8~(2-)能够明显促进剩余污泥溶胞和发酵产酸进程;同时,活化后的S_2O_8~(2-)预处理效果明显优于未活化预处理实验组,其中S_2O_8~(2-)+Fe~(2+)预处理体系的促进作用最为明显.Fe~(2+)、ZVI和US活化S_2O_8~(2-)的3组溶胞率分别为42.6%、36.5%和32.9%,相比未活化实验组(22.3%)提高了10.6%～20.3%;3组活化体系最大挥发酸浓度分别为8052,6613,4996mg COD/L,而未活化组仅为3296mg COD/L.此外,不同方式活化S_2O_8~(2-)预处理对溶解性有机物溶出及挥发酸组分分布也有一定影响.从环境和经济角度来看,S_2O_8~(2-)+Fe~(2+)体系对促进污泥发酵进程具有更大意义.
Persulfate(S_2O_8~(2-))and its activations were investigated,including ferrous(Fe~(2+)),zero-valent iron(ZVI)and ultrasonic(US),on waste activated sludge(WAS)disintegration and acidification.Experimental results showed that S_2O_8~(2-)effectively disintegrated WAS flocs matrix and further enhanced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production,compared with that obtained from un-pretreated WAS.In addition,activated S_2O_8~(2-)presented better WAS hydrolysis and acidification performance over un-activated S_2O_8~(2-)test.The lysis rates of Fe~(2+),ZVI and US activated S_2O_8~(2-)groups reached to 42.6%,36.5%and 32.9%,respectively,which were about 10.6%～20.3%higher than that obtained in the non-activated test(22.3%).The maximum SCFAs concentration in the aforementioned three activated tests were 8052,6613,4996mg COD/L,respectively,while that was only 3296mg COD/L in non-activated test.Furthermore,the release of organics and the distribution of generated SCFAs were also affected by S_2O_8~(2-)activations.From the environmental and economic perspective,the S_2O_8~(2-)+Fe~(2+)system played more significant role for enhancing the SCFAs recovery from WAS fermentation.
Persulfate(S_2O_8~(2-))and its activations were investigated,including ferrous(Fe~(2+)),zero-valent iron(ZVI)and ultrasonic(US),on waste activated sludge(WAS)disintegration and acidification.Experimental results showed that S_2O_8~(2-)effectively disintegrated WAS flocs matrix and further enhanced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production,compared with that obtained from un-pretreated WAS.In addition,activated S_2O_8~(2-)presented better WAS hydrolysis and acidification performance over un-activated S_2O_8~(2-)test.The lysis rates of Fe~(2+),ZVI and US activated S_2O_8~(2-)groups reached to 42.6%,36.5%and 32.9%,respectively,which were about 10.6%～20.3%higher than that obtained in the non-activated test(22.3%).The maximum SCFAs concentration in the aforementioned three activated tests were 8052,6613,4996mg COD/L,respectively,while that was only 3296mg COD/L in non-activated test.Furthermore,the release of organics and the distribution of generated SCFAs were also affected by S_2O_8~(2-)activations.From the environmental and economic perspective,the S_2O_8~(2-)+Fe~(2+)system played more significant role for enhancing the SCFAs recovery from WAS fermentation.
引文
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[24]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.Nation Enviromental protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Enviromental Science Press,2002.
[25]Zhou A,Zhang J,Wen K,et al.What could the entire cornstover contribute to the enhancement of waste activated sludge acidification?Performance assessment and microbial community analysis[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016,9(1):241-254.
[26]Yang J,Liu X,Wang D,et al.Mechanisms of peroxymonosulfate pretreatment enhancing production of short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge[J].Water Research,2019,148:239-249.
[27]Liang C,Lai M C.Trichloroethylene Degradation by Zero Valent Iron Activated Persulfate Oxidation[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2008,25(7):1071-1078.
[28]Wang S,Zhou N.Removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2016,29:156-62.
[29]Yang Q,Zhong Y,Zhong H,et al.A novel pretreatment process of mature landfill leachate with ultrasonic activated persulfate:Optimization using integrated Taguchi method and response surface methodology[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2015,98:268-275.
[2]Eastman J A,Ferguson J F.Solubilization of Particulate Organic Carbon during the Acid Phase of Anaerobic Digestion[J].Water Pollution Control Federation,1981,53(3):352-366.
[3]周爱娟.预处理促进剩余污泥发酵制取短链脂肪酸的效能及机制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.Zhou A J.Short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge ermentation stimulated by pretreatments[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014.
[4]Zhou A,Luo H,Varrone C,et al.Enhanced anaerobic digestibility of waste activated sludge by plant-derived biosurfactant[J].Process Biochemistry,2015,47(9):1413-1421.
[5]Ruiz-Hernando M,Cabanillas E,Labanda J,et al.Ultrasound,thermal and alkali treatments affect extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs)and improve waste activated sludge dewatering[J].Process Biochemistry,2015,50(3):438-446.
[6]Yu Q,Jin X,Zhang Y.Sequential pretreatment for cell disintegration of municipal sludge in a neutral Bio-electro-Fenton system[J].Water Research,2018,135:44-56.
[7]Shi Y,Yang J,Yu W,et al.Synergetic conditioning of sewage sludge via Fe2+/persulfate and skeleton builder:Effect on sludge characteristics and dewaterability[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,270:572-581.
[8]Zhou X,Wang Q,Jiang G,et al.A novel conditioning process for enhancing dewaterability of waste activated sludge by combination of zero-valent iron and persulfate[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,185:416-420.
[9]徐文迪,常沙,明铁山,等.基于硫酸根自由基(SO4-·)的污泥预处理技术[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(5):1528-1535.Xu W D,Chang S,Ming T S,et al.Pretreatment technology of sewage of sludge with sulfate radical(SO4-·)[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2018,12(5):1528-1535.
[10]Neta P,Madhavan V,Zemel H,et al.Rate constants and mechanism of reaction of sulfate radical anion with aromatic compounds[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1977,99(1):163-164.
[11]刘昌庚,伍斌,谢四才.Fe(Ⅱ)活化过一硫酸盐氧化调理剩余活性污泥[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3794-3799.Liu C G,Wu B,Xie S C.Conditioning of excess activate sludge by Fe(Ⅱ)-activated peroxymonosulfate oxidation[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(10):3794-3799.
[12]Ren W,Zhou Z,Zhu Y,et al.Effect of sulfate radical oxidation on disintegration of waste activated sludge[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,104:384-390.
[13]Shi P,Su R,Wan F,et al.Co3O4 nanocrystals on graphene oxide as a synergistic catalyst for degradation of Orange II in water by advanced oxidation technology based on sulfate radicals[J].Applied Catalysis BEnvironmental,2012,123-124(12):265-272.
[14]Zhen G,Lu X,Zhao Y,et al.Enhanced dewaterability of sewage sludge in the presence of Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116(4):259-265.
[15]Shi Y,Yang J,Liang S,et al.Principal component analysis on sewage sludge characteristics and its implication to dewatering performance with Fe2+/persulfate-skeleton builder conditioning[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2016,13(9):2283-2292.
[16]Song K,Zhou X,Liu Y,et al.Improving dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge by combination of persulfate and zero valent iron[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,295:436-442.
[17]Zhen G,Lu X,Su L,et al.Unraveling the catalyzing behaviors of different iron species(Fe2+vs.Fe0)in activating persulfate-based oxidation process with implications to waste activated sludge dewaterability[J].Water Research,2018,134:101-114.
[18]Zhen G,Lu X,Wang B,et al.Synergetic pretreatment of waste activated sludge by Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation under mild temperature for enhanced dewaterability[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,124(9):29-36.
[19]周宁.超声/过硫酸盐法去除水中卡马西平及腐殖酸的研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.Zhou N.Study on the degradation of carbamazepine and humic acid in water using ultrasonic combined with persulfate method[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015.
[20]刘佳露,卢伟,张凤君,等.活化过硫酸盐氧化地下水中苯酚的动力学研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2677-2681.Liu J L,Lu W,Zhang F J,et al.Kinetics study of activated persulfate oxidation of phenol in ground water[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(9):2677-2681.
[21]田凯勋,杨超,肖泉,等.超声强化零价铁/过硫酸钾体系降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚废水[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3729-3734.Tian K X,Yang C,Xiao Q,et al.Degradation of 2,4,6-TCP in an ultrasound-enhanced zero-valent iron/potassium persulfate system[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(10):3729-3734.
[22]何洋洋,唐素琴,康婷婷,等.响应面法优化硫酸根自由基高级氧化深度处理渗滤液生化尾水[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(6):1749-1755.He Y Y,Tang S Q,Kang T T,et al.Optimization of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process using response surface methodology for treating effluent from biological treatment of landfill leachate[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(6):1749-1755.
[23]Chakma S,Praneeth S,Moholkar V S.Mechanistic investigations in sono-hybrid(ultrasound/Fe2+/UVC)techniques of persulfate activation for degradation of Azorubine[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2017,38:652-663.
[24]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.Nation Enviromental protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Enviromental Science Press,2002.
[25]Zhou A,Zhang J,Wen K,et al.What could the entire cornstover contribute to the enhancement of waste activated sludge acidification?Performance assessment and microbial community analysis[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016,9(1):241-254.
[26]Yang J,Liu X,Wang D,et al.Mechanisms of peroxymonosulfate pretreatment enhancing production of short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge[J].Water Research,2019,148:239-249.
[27]Liang C,Lai M C.Trichloroethylene Degradation by Zero Valent Iron Activated Persulfate Oxidation[J].Environmental Engineering Science,2008,25(7):1071-1078.
[28]Wang S,Zhou N.Removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2016,29:156-62.
[29]Yang Q,Zhong Y,Zhong H,et al.A novel pretreatment process of mature landfill leachate with ultrasonic activated persulfate:Optimization using integrated Taguchi method and response surface methodology[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2015,98:268-275.
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