硫酸铵焙烧红土镍矿工艺优化
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摘要
本文采用硫酸铵焙烧-水浸工艺,将红土镍矿与硫酸铵混合焙烧,研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、物料配比和矿粉粒度对镍、镁、铝和铁提取率的影响.采用正交实验优化工艺条件,得到影响焙烧效果的各因素顺序为:物料配比、焙烧时间、焙烧温度、矿粉粒度.优化工艺条件为:焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间120min,物料配比2∶1,矿粉粒度小于80μm,镍、镁和铝提取率大于98%,铁提取率大于94%.研究了焙烧过程镍、镁、铝和铁与硫酸铵反应过程的动力学.镍、镁、铝和铁的反应速率均符合未反应收缩核模型,表观活化能分别为19.93 k J·mol~(-1)、18.96 k J·mol~(-1)、17.86 k J·mol~(-1)和20.83 k J·mol~(-1).
An ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching process was used to extract nickel,magnesium,aluminum and iron.Effects of roasting temperature,roasting time,ratio of ammonium sulfate to ore and particle size were studied.The orthogonal experimental results showed that the order of factors affecting the roasting process is the ratio of ammonium sulfate to the ore,roasting time,roasting temperature,particle size.The optimal conditions is: the roasting temperature is 450 ℃,the roasting time is 120 min,the ratio of ammonium sulfate the ore is 2∶1 and the particle size of the ore is less than 80 μm.The extraction ratios of nickel,magnesium and aluminum are over 98%,the extraction ratio of iron is over than 94%.The kinetics of the roasting process was studied.The results showed that the reactions of nickel,magnesium,aluminum and iron suit to the shrink unreacted core model controlled by internal diffusion.The apparent activation energy are 19.93 kJ·mol~(-1),18.96 kJ·mol~(-1),17.86 kJ·mol~(-1) and 20.83 kJ·mol~(-1),respectively.
An ammonium sulfate roasting-water leaching process was used to extract nickel,magnesium,aluminum and iron.Effects of roasting temperature,roasting time,ratio of ammonium sulfate to ore and particle size were studied.The orthogonal experimental results showed that the order of factors affecting the roasting process is the ratio of ammonium sulfate to the ore,roasting time,roasting temperature,particle size.The optimal conditions is: the roasting temperature is 450 ℃,the roasting time is 120 min,the ratio of ammonium sulfate the ore is 2∶1 and the particle size of the ore is less than 80 μm.The extraction ratios of nickel,magnesium and aluminum are over 98%,the extraction ratio of iron is over than 94%.The kinetics of the roasting process was studied.The results showed that the reactions of nickel,magnesium,aluminum and iron suit to the shrink unreacted core model controlled by internal diffusion.The apparent activation energy are 19.93 kJ·mol~(-1),18.96 kJ·mol~(-1),17.86 kJ·mol~(-1) and 20.83 kJ·mol~(-1),respectively.
引文
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[8] Poorda H J,Hermans J M A. Energy constrains in the extraction of nickel form oxides ores[J]. Erzmetal,1981,34(3):882-887.
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[11] Deepatana A,Tang J A,Valix M. Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for metal recovery from bioleaching of nickel laterite ores[J]. Minerals Engineering,2006,12(9):1280-1289.
[12] Brierlry J A,Brierlry C L. Present and future commercial application of biohydrometallurgy[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2001,59(23):233-239.
[13] Canterford J H. Leaching of some Australian nickeliferrous laterites with sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1978,256:19-26.
[14] Li Jinhui,Li Deshun,Xu Zhifeng. Selective leaching of valuable metals from laterite nickel ore with ammonium chloride-hydrochloric acid solution[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,179(4):24-30.
[15] McDonald R G,BIWhittington. Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel laterites review. Part II. Chloride and bio-technologies[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2008,91(1-4):56-59.
[16]王晓民.湿法冶金处理氧化镍矿的现状[J].金川科技,2004(1):29-34.(Wang Xiaomin. The status of hydrometallurgical treatment of nickel oxide ores[J]. Jinchuan Technology,2004(1):29-34.)
[17] Valix M,Tang J Y,Cheung W H. The effects of mineralogy on the biological leaching of nickel laterite ores[J]. Mineral Engineering,2001,14(12):1629-1635.
[18]王成彦,尹飞,陈永强,等.国内外红土镍矿处理技术及进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1):1-8.(Wang Chengyan,Yin Fei,Chen Yongqiang,et al. Worldwide processing technologies and progress of nickel larterites[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2008,18(1):1-8.)
[19]翟玉春.绿色冶金-资源绿色化、高附加值综合利用[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2015.(Zhai Yuchun. Green metallurgy-comprehensive and highefficiency utilization of resources[M]. Changsha:Central South University Press, 2015.)
[2] Keith Quast,Jason N, Connor,William Skinner, et al.Preconcentration strategies in the processing of nickel laterite ores Part1:Literature review[J]. Minerals Engineering,2005,79(6):1-8.
[3]兰兴华.世界红土镍矿冶炼厂调查[J].世界有色金属,2006,(11):65-71.(Lan Xinghua. Investigation of the world laterite nickel smelter[J]. World Nonferrous Metals,2006,(11):65-71.)
[4]李建华,程威,肖志海,等.红土镍矿的处理工艺综述[J].湿法冶金,2004,23(4):191-194.(Li Jianhua,Cheng wei,Xiao Zhihai,et al. The process review of the nickel laterite ore[J]. Hydrometallurgy(China),2004,23(4):191-194.)
[5]牟文宁,翟玉春,刘岩,等.高浓度NaOH浸出红土镍矿中SiO2的研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(5):708-711.(Mu Wenning,Zhai Yuchun,Liu Yan,et al. Study on the leaching of SiO2 in nickel laterite by using high concentration NaOH[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2009,30(5):708-711.)
[6]徐东,刘岩,李杰,等.碳热还原-磁选工艺富集红土镍矿中金属镍[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(4):559-563.(Xu Dong,Liu Yan,Li Jie,et al. Enriching metallic nickel from laterite nickel ore via thermal carbon reduction magnetic separation process[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2010,31(4):559-563.)
[7] Zhu D Q,Cui Y,K Vining,et al. Upgrading low nickel content laterite ores using selective reduction followed by magnetic separation[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing,2007,106-109(5):1-7.
[8] Poorda H J,Hermans J M A. Energy constrains in the extraction of nickel form oxides ores[J]. Erzmetal,1981,34(3):882-887.
[9] Mu Wenning,Lu Xiuyuan,Cui Fuhui,et al. Transformation and leaching kinetics of silicon from low-grade nickel laterite ore by pre-roasting and alkaline leaching process[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28(1):169-176.
[10] Schillmoller C M. Select alloys that perform well in sulfuric Acid[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress,1988,94(2):38-44.
[11] Deepatana A,Tang J A,Valix M. Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for metal recovery from bioleaching of nickel laterite ores[J]. Minerals Engineering,2006,12(9):1280-1289.
[12] Brierlry J A,Brierlry C L. Present and future commercial application of biohydrometallurgy[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2001,59(23):233-239.
[13] Canterford J H. Leaching of some Australian nickeliferrous laterites with sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1978,256:19-26.
[14] Li Jinhui,Li Deshun,Xu Zhifeng. Selective leaching of valuable metals from laterite nickel ore with ammonium chloride-hydrochloric acid solution[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,179(4):24-30.
[15] McDonald R G,BIWhittington. Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel laterites review. Part II. Chloride and bio-technologies[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2008,91(1-4):56-59.
[16]王晓民.湿法冶金处理氧化镍矿的现状[J].金川科技,2004(1):29-34.(Wang Xiaomin. The status of hydrometallurgical treatment of nickel oxide ores[J]. Jinchuan Technology,2004(1):29-34.)
[17] Valix M,Tang J Y,Cheung W H. The effects of mineralogy on the biological leaching of nickel laterite ores[J]. Mineral Engineering,2001,14(12):1629-1635.
[18]王成彦,尹飞,陈永强,等.国内外红土镍矿处理技术及进展[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1):1-8.(Wang Chengyan,Yin Fei,Chen Yongqiang,et al. Worldwide processing technologies and progress of nickel larterites[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2008,18(1):1-8.)
[19]翟玉春.绿色冶金-资源绿色化、高附加值综合利用[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2015.(Zhai Yuchun. Green metallurgy-comprehensive and highefficiency utilization of resources[M]. Changsha:Central South University Press, 2015.)
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