一种负载功能型微生物的营养缓释填料的制备及性能评价
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摘要
根据乳化交联和吸附固定化原理,制备了一种负载功能型微生物的营养缓释填料(SC填料),并以乙酸丁酯作为模拟废气,考察了其在生物反应器中的使用效果.填料理化特性分析结果表明,该填料孔隙率为92.6%,堆积密度为40.75kg·m~(-3),比表面积为2.45 m2·g~(-1),真密度为551.52 kg·m~(-3);表面存在大量的O—H、C=O等亲水基团,同时填料内分布氮(N)、磷(P)等营养元素,N和P的释放速率分别为22.35 mg·(L·d)-1和8.36 mg·(L·d)-1;微生物负载量(蛋白/填料)为14.61 mg·g~(-1),储藏7 d和30 d后填料内微生物对乙酸丁酯的去除率> 96%,表明其储藏稳定性较好.应用SC填料的生物滴滤塔经过8 d完成挂膜过程,在外界不供给营养、不调节循环液pH的情况下,应用SC填料的反应器运行性能稳定,去除率始终保持在94%以上,而采用聚氨酯海绵填料(PU填料)的生物滴滤塔挂膜期稍长、运行不稳定.高通量测序表明,填料制备过程中固定的特定降解菌在整个运行阶段均处于优势地位,且菌群结构较为稳定,从而能保证反应器的稳定运行.
A nutritional slow-release packing material with function microorganisms(SC) was prepared using emulsification and the cross-linked method.Its potential as packing material in biotrickling filters(BTF) for butyl acetate removal was evaluated.The physicochemical properties show that the packing has a porosity of 92.6%,bulk density of 40.75 kg·m~(-3),surface area of 2.45 m2·g~(-1),and real density of 551.52 kg·m~(-3).The packing material contains hydrophilic groups(O—H,C=O) on its surface and nutrient elements(N,P),which are distributed uniformly,with release rates of 22.35 and 8.36 mg·(L·d)-1,respectively.The biomass concentration of the packing(protein/packing) is 14.61 mg·g~(-1).After storage for 7 and 30 d,the microorganisms fixed on the packing material could still remove more than 96% of butyl acetate.The BTF using SC as packings reach stable performance within a short time(8 d) and the removal efficiency is maintained at 94% unless there nutrition is supplied or the pH is adjusted.The BTF with polyurethane as packing material need a longer time to start up and the removal efficiency decreases to 80% under the same operating conditions.High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that the fixed degrading stains are dominant during the whole operation and the microbial structure is more stable,which could sustain the stable removal of butyl acetate in BTF using SC.
A nutritional slow-release packing material with function microorganisms(SC) was prepared using emulsification and the cross-linked method.Its potential as packing material in biotrickling filters(BTF) for butyl acetate removal was evaluated.The physicochemical properties show that the packing has a porosity of 92.6%,bulk density of 40.75 kg·m~(-3),surface area of 2.45 m2·g~(-1),and real density of 551.52 kg·m~(-3).The packing material contains hydrophilic groups(O—H,C=O) on its surface and nutrient elements(N,P),which are distributed uniformly,with release rates of 22.35 and 8.36 mg·(L·d)-1,respectively.The biomass concentration of the packing(protein/packing) is 14.61 mg·g~(-1).After storage for 7 and 30 d,the microorganisms fixed on the packing material could still remove more than 96% of butyl acetate.The BTF using SC as packings reach stable performance within a short time(8 d) and the removal efficiency is maintained at 94% unless there nutrition is supplied or the pH is adjusted.The BTF with polyurethane as packing material need a longer time to start up and the removal efficiency decreases to 80% under the same operating conditions.High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that the fixed degrading stains are dominant during the whole operation and the microbial structure is more stable,which could sustain the stable removal of butyl acetate in BTF using SC.
引文
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[24]李磊,韦朝海,张小璇,等.亲水性聚合物多孔载体的制备及其性能研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(19):82-86,90.Li L,Wei C H,Zhang X X,et al.Study on preparation and performance of Hydrophilic porous carrier[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(19):82-86,90.
[25]Sikorski P,Mo F,Skjk-Braek G,et al.Evidence for egg-boxcompatible interactions in calcium-alginate gels from fiber X-ray diffraction[J].Biomacromolecules,2007,8(7):2098-2103.
[26]田鑫,廖强,朱恂,等.陶瓷球填料生物膜滴滤塔挂膜启动工艺及对甲苯废气的净化性能实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):834-840.Tian X,Liao Q,Zhu X,et al.Experimental study on the startup of trickling biofilter with ceramic sphere and the purification performance for toluene waste gas[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(5):834-840.
[27]Qi B,Moe W,Kinney K.Biodegradation of volatile organic compounds by five fungal species[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,58(5):684-689.
[2]Kennes C.Biotechniques for air pollution control and bioenergy[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2012,87(6):723-724.
[3]Liu D Z,Andreasen R R,Poulsen T G,et al.A comparative study of mass transfer coefficients of reduced volatile sulfur compounds for biotrickling filter packing materials[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260:209-221.
[4]朱仁成.负载功能微生物缓释复合填料的制备及性能评价[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[5]Zhu R C,Li S Y,Wu Z J,et al.Performance evaluation of a slow-release packing material-embedded functional microorganisms for biofiltration[J].Environmental Technology,2017,38(8):945-955.
[6]Natarajan R,Jamila A S,Viswanathan S.Performance evaluation and kinetic studies on removal of benzene in up-flow tree bark based biofilter[J].Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly,2015,21(4):537-545.
[7]Delebarre A,Andres Y,Pellerano M,et al.Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds by a fluidized bed of sawdust[J].International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,2007,5(1),doi:10.2202/1542-6580.1402.
[8]Dumont E,Da Silva Cabral F,Le Cloirec P,et al.Biofiltration using peat and a nutritional synthetic packing material:influence of the packing configuration on H2S removal[J].Environmental Technology,2013,34(9):1123-1129.
[9]龙向宇,谢军,唐然,等.珊瑚砂和陶粒填料曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的对比[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(15):20-24.Long X Y,Xie J,Tang R,et al.Comparative study on coral sand and ceramsite BAF for treating domestic wastewater[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(15):20-24.
[10]陈东之,缪孝平,欧阳杜娟,等.生物滴滤塔净化氯代烃混合废气的研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3168-3174.Chen D Z,Miao X P,Ouyang D J,et al.Removal of waste gas containing mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons by the biotrickling filter[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3168-3174.
[11]陈文和,邓明佳,罗辉,等.高温生物滤塔处理污泥干化尾气的研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):377-383.Chen W H,Deng M J,Luo H,et al.Treatment of flue gas from sludge drying process by a thermophilic biofilter[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(1):377-383.
[12]范军辉,郝瑞霞,李萌,等.基于反硝化脱氮的硫铁复合填料除磷机制[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4275-4281.Fan J H,Hao R X,Li M,et al.Phosphorus removal mechanism of sulfur/sponge iron composite fillers based on denitrification[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4275-4281.
[13]梅瑜,成卓韦,王家德,等.新型生物滴滤填料性能评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(12):4661-4668.Mei Y,Cheng Z W,Wang J D,et al.Performance evaluation of three novel biotrickling packings[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(12):4661-4668.
[14]Gaudin F,Andres Y,Le Cloirec P.Packing material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(6):958-966.
[15]王家德,金顺利,陈建孟,等.一种缓释复合生物填料性能评价[J].中国科学:化学,2010,40(12):1874-1879.
[16]王国惠,王莉娟,孙绍棠.营养包被生物填料特性及脱硫效果研究[J].广东化工,2015,42(17):1-2.
[17]徐和昌,黄沛成,武冠英.包膜肥料释放养分速度的测定[J].北京化工学院学报(自然科学版),1994,21(3):33-37,48.
[18]陈毓荃.生化化学实验方法和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.183-186.
[19]周靖淳.免烧及烧结污泥陶粒滤料的开发及应用技术研究[D].湖北:武汉大学,2017.10-16.
[20]陈建孟,王家德,王毓仁,等.一种废气处理用生物填料[P].中国专利:CN 1935332A,2007-03-28.
[21]Chan W C,Lu M C.A new type synthetic filter material for biofilter:preparation and its characteristic analysis[J].Journal of Polymers and the Environment,2005,13(1):7-17.
[22]Gjaltema A,Van Der Marel N,Van Loosdrecht M C,et al.Adhesion and biofilm development on suspended carriers in airlift reactors:hydrodynamic conditions versus surface characteristics[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2015,55(6):880-889.
[23]管建均,高长有,沈家骢.细胞相容性聚氨酯的合成及其细胞相容性研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2001,22(2):317-320.
[24]李磊,韦朝海,张小璇,等.亲水性聚合物多孔载体的制备及其性能研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(19):82-86,90.Li L,Wei C H,Zhang X X,et al.Study on preparation and performance of Hydrophilic porous carrier[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(19):82-86,90.
[25]Sikorski P,Mo F,Skjk-Braek G,et al.Evidence for egg-boxcompatible interactions in calcium-alginate gels from fiber X-ray diffraction[J].Biomacromolecules,2007,8(7):2098-2103.
[26]田鑫,廖强,朱恂,等.陶瓷球填料生物膜滴滤塔挂膜启动工艺及对甲苯废气的净化性能实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):834-840.Tian X,Liao Q,Zhu X,et al.Experimental study on the startup of trickling biofilter with ceramic sphere and the purification performance for toluene waste gas[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(5):834-840.
[27]Qi B,Moe W,Kinney K.Biodegradation of volatile organic compounds by five fungal species[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,58(5):684-689.
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