硝化抑制剂对小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响
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摘要
为了解硝化抑制剂在麦季的施用效果,采用田间裂区试验设计,主区设施硝化抑制剂(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,DMPP)和对照2水平;副区设5个施氮量水平(0、210、240、270、300 kg·hm~(-2)),研究硝化抑制剂对扬麦16产量形成和氮素吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明:施用硝化抑制剂,施氮量为240 kg·hm~(-2)处理小麦产量最高,达到7260 kg·hm~(-2),主要是因为小麦单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重均表现为较高;施氮量为240 kg·hm~(-2)处理,配合施用硝化抑制剂小麦生物产量也表现为最高;硝化抑制剂对小麦经济系数的影响不大;施用硝化抑制剂能够有效提高麦田土壤速效氮含量,加大氮肥投入量后,硝化抑制剂对麦田土壤速效氮素含量的增加幅度下降;施用硝化抑制剂能够显著提高小麦植株氮素累积量,却明显降低了小麦氮素籽粒生产效率;在较低施氮量(210和240 kg·hm~(-2))处理下,施用硝化抑制剂能够获得相对较高的小麦氮素利用效率,其中,小麦氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别平均为16.1 kg·kg~(-1)、69.9%、23.1kg·kg~(-1)和31.4 kg·kg~(-1);在施用硝化抑制剂条件下,麦季氮肥投入量为240 kg·hm~(-2)时,能够保证小麦产量,并提高氮肥利用效率。
To explore the effects of nitrification inhibitor along with nitrogen fertilizer application in the growing season of wheat,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the wheat yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency using two-factor split-plot design. There were five levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications( 0,210,240,270,300 kg·hm~(-2)). The wheat cultivar of Yangmai 16 was field-grown. The results showed that the wheat yield was the highest under 240kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer application accompanied by nitrification inhibitor,reaching 7260kg·hm~(-2)due to higher panicle number per unit area,grain number per panicle,and 1000-grain weight. The wheat biomass yield was the highest under 240 kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer application together with nitrification inhibitor. Nitrification inhibitor had no significant effect on economic coefficient of wheat. Nitrification inhibitor effectively increased soil available nitrogen concentration and decreased the magnitude of such enhancement with the increases of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrification inhibitor significantly improved nitrogen accumulation in wheat plant,but decreased nitrogen use efficiency for wheat grain yield. Combined with nitrification inhibitor application,the lower nitrogen fertilizer application such as 210 and 240 kg · hm~(-2)treatments increased wheat agronomic efficiency,average recovery efficiency,physiological efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 16.1 kg·kg~(-1),69.9%,23.1 kg·kg~(-1)and 31.4kg·kg~(-1),respectively. In conclusion,application of nitrification inhibitor plus 240 kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer could ensure high wheat yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
To explore the effects of nitrification inhibitor along with nitrogen fertilizer application in the growing season of wheat,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the wheat yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency using two-factor split-plot design. There were five levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications( 0,210,240,270,300 kg·hm~(-2)). The wheat cultivar of Yangmai 16 was field-grown. The results showed that the wheat yield was the highest under 240kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer application accompanied by nitrification inhibitor,reaching 7260kg·hm~(-2)due to higher panicle number per unit area,grain number per panicle,and 1000-grain weight. The wheat biomass yield was the highest under 240 kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer application together with nitrification inhibitor. Nitrification inhibitor had no significant effect on economic coefficient of wheat. Nitrification inhibitor effectively increased soil available nitrogen concentration and decreased the magnitude of such enhancement with the increases of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrification inhibitor significantly improved nitrogen accumulation in wheat plant,but decreased nitrogen use efficiency for wheat grain yield. Combined with nitrification inhibitor application,the lower nitrogen fertilizer application such as 210 and 240 kg · hm~(-2)treatments increased wheat agronomic efficiency,average recovery efficiency,physiological efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 16.1 kg·kg~(-1),69.9%,23.1 kg·kg~(-1)and 31.4kg·kg~(-1),respectively. In conclusion,application of nitrification inhibitor plus 240 kg·hm~(-2)of nitrogen fertilizer could ensure high wheat yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
引文
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社.
仇美华.2017.江苏省太湖流域小麦化肥施用减控措施.农资应用·科学种养,(2):40-43.
董玉兵,吴震,李博,等.2017.追施生物炭对稻麦轮作中麦季氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,23(5):1258-1267.
樊高琼,吴中伟,郑亭,等.2012.氮肥运筹对四川丘陵旱地带状种植小麦碳素同化、运转和产量的影响.水土保持学报,26(3):238-243.
房琴,王红光,马伯威,等.2015.密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响.麦类作物学报,35(3):364-371.
高德荣,张晓,康建鹏,等.2014.长江中下游麦区小麦迟播的不利影响及育种对策.麦类作物学报,34(2):279-283.
葛均筑,徐莹,袁国印,等.2016.覆膜对长江中游春玉米氮肥利用效率及土壤速效氮素的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):296-306.
郭智,周炜,陈留根,等.2011.氮肥运筹和少免耕对麦田氮素径流流失的影响.生态环境学报,20(8-9):1253-1258.
李敏,武际,韩上,等.2017.控释氮肥拔节期施用对冬小麦产量及干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响.麦类作物学报,37(7):955-962.
李伟,戴亨林,蔡国学.2003.有机无机复混肥料的肥料效应初探.磷肥与复肥,18(6):67-72.
李晓密,伦小秀.2014.施肥与不施肥措施下小麦田的CO2、CH4、N2O排放日变化特征.生态环境学报,23(1):178-182.
刘金山,戴健,刘洋,等.2015.过量施氮对旱地土壤碳、氮及供氮能力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,21(1):112-120.
卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.2011.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析.植物营养与肥料学报,17(1):209-215.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
吕凤莲,侯苗苗,张弘弢,等.2018.土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究.植物营养与肥料学报,24(1):22-32.
王慧,朱冬梅,王君婵,等.2016.扬麦16耐迟播早熟特性研究.麦类作物学报,36(12):1657-1666.
王秋君,张小莉,罗佳,等.2009.不同有机无机复混肥对小麦产量、氮效率和土壤微生物多样性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(5):1003-1009.
吴晓丽,李朝苏,汤永禄,等.2017.氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮肥利用效率和光能利用率的影响.应用生态学报,28(6):1889-1898.
张凯,李巧珍,王润元,等.2012.播期对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响.生态学杂志,31(2):324-331.
张铭,蒋达,缪瑞林,等.2010.不同土壤肥力条件下施氮量对稻茬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,30(1):135-140.
张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.2008.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径.土壤学报,45(5):915-924.
张建军,樊廷录,赵刚,等.2017.长期定位施不同氮源有机肥替代部分含氮化肥对陇东旱塬冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,43(7):1077-1086.
张建省,隋鹏,陈源泉,等.2013.不同耕法和培肥措施组合对作物产量的影响.生态学杂志,32(10):2721-2727.
张文玲,王文科,李桂花,等.2009.施肥方式对不同小麦品种生长和氮肥利用率的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(2):47-51.
张小涛,黄玉芳,马晓晶,等.2017.播种量和施氮量对不同基因型冬小麦干物质累积、转运及产量的影响.植物生理学报,53(6):1067-1076.
赵亚南,宿敏敏,吕阳,等.2017.减量施肥下小麦产量、肥料利用率和土壤养分平衡.植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):864-873.
郑建初,张岳芳,陈留根,等.2012.稻麦轮作系统冬小麦农田耕作措施对氧化亚氮排放的影响.生态学报,32(19):6138-6146.
中国人民共和国国家统计局.2016.中国统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社.
朱兆良.1998.我国氮肥的使用现状、问题和对策//李庆奎,朱兆良,于天仁.中国农业持续发展中的肥料问题.南京:江苏科学技术出版社:38-51.
Esfandbod M,Phillips IR,Miller B,et al.2017.Aged acidic biochar increases nitrogen retention and decreases ammonia volatilization in alkaline bauxite residue sand.Ecological Engineering,98:157-165.
Ladha JK,Pathak H,Krupnik TJ,et al.2005.Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production:Retrospects and prospects.Advances in Agronomy,87:85-156.
Peng SB,Bureh RJ,Huang JL,et al.2006.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China.Field Crops Research,96:37-47.
Zhang YQ,Wen MX,Li XP,et al.2014.Long-term fertilization causes excess supply and loss of phosphorus in purple paddy soil.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,94:1175-1183.
仇美华.2017.江苏省太湖流域小麦化肥施用减控措施.农资应用·科学种养,(2):40-43.
董玉兵,吴震,李博,等.2017.追施生物炭对稻麦轮作中麦季氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,23(5):1258-1267.
樊高琼,吴中伟,郑亭,等.2012.氮肥运筹对四川丘陵旱地带状种植小麦碳素同化、运转和产量的影响.水土保持学报,26(3):238-243.
房琴,王红光,马伯威,等.2015.密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响.麦类作物学报,35(3):364-371.
高德荣,张晓,康建鹏,等.2014.长江中下游麦区小麦迟播的不利影响及育种对策.麦类作物学报,34(2):279-283.
葛均筑,徐莹,袁国印,等.2016.覆膜对长江中游春玉米氮肥利用效率及土壤速效氮素的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(2):296-306.
郭智,周炜,陈留根,等.2011.氮肥运筹和少免耕对麦田氮素径流流失的影响.生态环境学报,20(8-9):1253-1258.
李敏,武际,韩上,等.2017.控释氮肥拔节期施用对冬小麦产量及干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响.麦类作物学报,37(7):955-962.
李伟,戴亨林,蔡国学.2003.有机无机复混肥料的肥料效应初探.磷肥与复肥,18(6):67-72.
李晓密,伦小秀.2014.施肥与不施肥措施下小麦田的CO2、CH4、N2O排放日变化特征.生态环境学报,23(1):178-182.
刘金山,戴健,刘洋,等.2015.过量施氮对旱地土壤碳、氮及供氮能力的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,21(1):112-120.
卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.2011.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析.植物营养与肥料学报,17(1):209-215.
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析法.北京:中国农业科技出版社.
吕凤莲,侯苗苗,张弘弢,等.2018.土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究.植物营养与肥料学报,24(1):22-32.
王慧,朱冬梅,王君婵,等.2016.扬麦16耐迟播早熟特性研究.麦类作物学报,36(12):1657-1666.
王秋君,张小莉,罗佳,等.2009.不同有机无机复混肥对小麦产量、氮效率和土壤微生物多样性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15(5):1003-1009.
吴晓丽,李朝苏,汤永禄,等.2017.氮肥运筹对小麦产量、氮肥利用效率和光能利用率的影响.应用生态学报,28(6):1889-1898.
张凯,李巧珍,王润元,等.2012.播期对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响.生态学杂志,31(2):324-331.
张铭,蒋达,缪瑞林,等.2010.不同土壤肥力条件下施氮量对稻茬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,30(1):135-140.
张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.2008.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径.土壤学报,45(5):915-924.
张建军,樊廷录,赵刚,等.2017.长期定位施不同氮源有机肥替代部分含氮化肥对陇东旱塬冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,43(7):1077-1086.
张建省,隋鹏,陈源泉,等.2013.不同耕法和培肥措施组合对作物产量的影响.生态学杂志,32(10):2721-2727.
张文玲,王文科,李桂花,等.2009.施肥方式对不同小麦品种生长和氮肥利用率的影响.中国土壤与肥料,(2):47-51.
张小涛,黄玉芳,马晓晶,等.2017.播种量和施氮量对不同基因型冬小麦干物质累积、转运及产量的影响.植物生理学报,53(6):1067-1076.
赵亚南,宿敏敏,吕阳,等.2017.减量施肥下小麦产量、肥料利用率和土壤养分平衡.植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):864-873.
郑建初,张岳芳,陈留根,等.2012.稻麦轮作系统冬小麦农田耕作措施对氧化亚氮排放的影响.生态学报,32(19):6138-6146.
中国人民共和国国家统计局.2016.中国统计年鉴.北京:中国统计出版社.
朱兆良.1998.我国氮肥的使用现状、问题和对策//李庆奎,朱兆良,于天仁.中国农业持续发展中的肥料问题.南京:江苏科学技术出版社:38-51.
Esfandbod M,Phillips IR,Miller B,et al.2017.Aged acidic biochar increases nitrogen retention and decreases ammonia volatilization in alkaline bauxite residue sand.Ecological Engineering,98:157-165.
Ladha JK,Pathak H,Krupnik TJ,et al.2005.Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production:Retrospects and prospects.Advances in Agronomy,87:85-156.
Peng SB,Bureh RJ,Huang JL,et al.2006.Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China.Field Crops Research,96:37-47.
Zhang YQ,Wen MX,Li XP,et al.2014.Long-term fertilization causes excess supply and loss of phosphorus in purple paddy soil.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,94:1175-1183.
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