华南某垃圾焚烧厂焚烧飞灰理化特性及重金属形态研究
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摘要
利用激光粒度仪、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等对华南某垃圾焚烧厂不同粒径焚烧飞灰(原灰)矿物相组成和微观形貌进行分析,同时研究其重金属浸出毒性和形态特征。结果表明:焚烧飞灰颗粒均在2 mm以下,<38μm粒径占比达到68.07%;微观结构差异较大,多为不规则的疏松结构。焚烧飞灰主要化学成分为CaO、Na_2O和K_2O,Ca O较多集中在大颗粒飞灰中,而K_2O和Na_2O在小粒径焚烧飞灰中含量更高;主要矿物相为氯化物和含钙矿物,含量随粒径减小而增加。焚烧飞灰重金属浸出毒性较低,仅Cr浸出浓度超出GB 16889—2008生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准的限值。在不同粒径范围内,Cr酸提取态含量较高,占总量的16.61%～23.60%,形态较不稳定。Cd和Cu可还原态比例较高,存在一定的浸出风险。Ni、Pb、As和Ba等金属残渣态所占比例较高,重金属形态较稳定。
The mineral phase composition and microstructure of fly ash(raw ash)with different particle sizes in a waste incineration plant in south China were analyzed by means of laser particle size analyzer,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile,the leaching toxicity and morphological characteristics of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the incinerated fly ash particles were all less than 2 mm,and the particle size less than 38 μm accounted for 68.07%.The difference of its microstructure was large,which mostly irregular loose structure. The main chemical constituents of incinerated fly ash were CaO,Na_2 O and K_2O. CaO was mostly concentrated in large-particle fly ash,while K_2O and Na_2O were more abundant in small-particle fly ash. The main mineral phases were chloride and calcium-containing minerals,and the content increased with the decrease of particle size. The heavy metal leaching toxicity of incinerated fly ash was relatively low,only Cr leaching concentration exceeded the limit of Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste(GB16889—2008). In the range of different particle sizes,the acid extractable content of Cr was higher,accounting for 16.61%～23.60% of the total,and the morphology was more unstable. The proportion of reducing state of Cr and Cu was higher,which had some leaching risk. The residual fraction content of Ni,Pb,As,Ba and other metals accounted for a higher proportion,and the forms of them were stable.
The mineral phase composition and microstructure of fly ash(raw ash)with different particle sizes in a waste incineration plant in south China were analyzed by means of laser particle size analyzer,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile,the leaching toxicity and morphological characteristics of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the incinerated fly ash particles were all less than 2 mm,and the particle size less than 38 μm accounted for 68.07%.The difference of its microstructure was large,which mostly irregular loose structure. The main chemical constituents of incinerated fly ash were CaO,Na_2 O and K_2O. CaO was mostly concentrated in large-particle fly ash,while K_2O and Na_2O were more abundant in small-particle fly ash. The main mineral phases were chloride and calcium-containing minerals,and the content increased with the decrease of particle size. The heavy metal leaching toxicity of incinerated fly ash was relatively low,only Cr leaching concentration exceeded the limit of Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste(GB16889—2008). In the range of different particle sizes,the acid extractable content of Cr was higher,accounting for 16.61%～23.60% of the total,and the morphology was more unstable. The proportion of reducing state of Cr and Cu was higher,which had some leaching risk. The residual fraction content of Ni,Pb,As,Ba and other metals accounted for a higher proportion,and the forms of them were stable.
引文
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[19]孙杨雨,焦春磊,谭笑,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化及其机理研究[J].中国科学:化学,2016,46(7):716-724.
[20] Jiang J G,Xu X,Wang J,et al. Investigation of basic properties of fly ash from urban waste incinerators in China[J]. J Environ Sci,2007,19(4):458-463.
[21] Alvarezayuso E,Querol X,Plana F,et al. Environmental,physical and structural characterisation of geopolymer matrixes synthesised from coal(co-)combustion fly ashes[J]. J Hazard Mater,2008,154(1/3):175-183.
[22] Belevi H,Moench H. Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators:1. Field studies[J]. EnvironSci Technol,2000,34(12):2501-2506.
[23] Abanades S,Flamant G,Gagnepain B,et al. Fate of heavy metals during municipal solid waste incineration[J]. Waste Manage Res,2016,20(1):55-68.
[24] Zhou J Z,Wu S M,Pan Y,et al. Enrichment of heavy metals in fine particles of municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI)fly ash and associated health risk[J]. Waste Manage,2015,43:239-246.
[2]李夫振,周少奇,林奕明.垃圾焚烧飞灰中不同粒径的毒性特性[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(2):684-688.
[3] Wang L,Jin Y Y,Nie Y Y. Investigation of accelerated and natural carbonation of MSWI fly ash with a high content of Ca[J].J Hazard Mater,2010,174(1/3):334-343.
[4]严建华,李建新,池涌,等.不同渗滤条件下垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的渗滤特性[J].环境科学,2004,25(4):139-142.
[5] Wang F H,Zhang F,Chen Y J,et al. A comparative study on the heavy metal solidification/stabilization performance of four chemical solidifying agents in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J]. J Hazard Mater,2015,300:451-458.
[6] Lancellotti I,Kamseu E,Michelazzi M,et al. Chemical stability of geopolymers containing municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash[J]. Waste Manage,2010,30(4):673-679.
[7] Cinquepalmi M A,Mangialardi T,Panei L,et al. Reuse of cement-solidified municipal incinerator fly ash in cement mortars:Physico-mechanical and leaching characteristics[J]. J Hazard Mater,2008,151(2/3):585-593.
[8] Nascimento M,Soares P S M,Souza V P D. Adsorption of heavy metal cations using coal fly ash modified by hydrothermal method[J]. Fuel,2009,88(9):1714-1719.
[9] Nowak B,Pessl A,Aschenbrenner P,et al. Heavy metal removal from municipal solid waste fly ash by chlorination and thermal treatment[J]. J Hazard Mater,2010,179(1/3):323-331.
[10] Ni P,Li H L,Zhao Y C,et al. Relation between leaching characteristics of heavy metals and physical properties of fly ashes from typical municipal solid waste incinerators[J]. Environ Technol,2017,38(17):2105-2118.
[11] Bogush A,Stegemann J A,Wood I,et al. Element composition and mineralogical characterisation of air pollution control residue from UK energy-from-waste facilities[J]. Waste Manage,2015,36:119-129.
[12] Zhang Y,Cetin B,Likos W J,et al. Impacts of p H on leaching potential of elements from MSW incineration fly ash[J]. Fuel,2016,184:815-825.
[13]郑敏侠,辛芳,刘晓峰. Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪技术参数对粒度分布的影响[J].中国粉体技术,2013,19(1):76-80.
[14]章骅,于思源,邵立明,等.烟气净化工艺和焚烧炉类型对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰性质的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):467-476.
[15] Wang J M,Jiang J G,Li D,et al. Removal of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil by different washing methods:The influence of reagents and ultrasound[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(24):20084-20091.
[16]魣lvarez M B,Garrido M,Lista A G,et al. Three-way multivariate analysis of metal fractionation results from sediment samples obtained by different sequential extraction procedures and ICPOES[J]. Anal Chim Acta,2008,620(1/2):34-43.
[17]李娜,郝庆菊,江长胜,等.重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰粒径分布及重金属形态分析[J].环境化学,2010,29(4):659-664.
[18]叶秀雅,周少奇,徐斌,等.不同粒径垃圾焚烧飞灰金属形态分布比较研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(11):4235-4239.
[19]孙杨雨,焦春磊,谭笑,等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化及其机理研究[J].中国科学:化学,2016,46(7):716-724.
[20] Jiang J G,Xu X,Wang J,et al. Investigation of basic properties of fly ash from urban waste incinerators in China[J]. J Environ Sci,2007,19(4):458-463.
[21] Alvarezayuso E,Querol X,Plana F,et al. Environmental,physical and structural characterisation of geopolymer matrixes synthesised from coal(co-)combustion fly ashes[J]. J Hazard Mater,2008,154(1/3):175-183.
[22] Belevi H,Moench H. Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators:1. Field studies[J]. EnvironSci Technol,2000,34(12):2501-2506.
[23] Abanades S,Flamant G,Gagnepain B,et al. Fate of heavy metals during municipal solid waste incineration[J]. Waste Manage Res,2016,20(1):55-68.
[24] Zhou J Z,Wu S M,Pan Y,et al. Enrichment of heavy metals in fine particles of municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI)fly ash and associated health risk[J]. Waste Manage,2015,43:239-246.
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