铁锰改性椰壳炭对土壤镉形态及水稻吸收积累镉的影响
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摘要
为研究椰壳炭(coconut shell biochar,简称"CSB")及铁锰改性椰壳炭(Fe-Mn modified coconut shell biochar,简称"FM-CSB")对土壤中Cd的钝化效果及对水稻吸收积累Cd的影响,采用室外水稻盆栽试验,比较了施加质量比为0. 5%的CSB与质量比为0. 05%、0. 1%、0. 2%、0. 5%的FM-CSB对南方酸性污染稻田土壤pH、Cd的形态变化及水稻各部位吸收积累Cd的差异性.结果表明:与CK相比,施加CSB与FM-CSB均能提升土壤pH,当FM-CSB施加量高于0. 1%时效果显著(P<0. 05),施加0. 5%FM-CSB处理效果最好,且优于添加0. 5%的未改性CSB处理.相比于CK处理,施加CSB与FM-CSB处理均可使土壤中w(弱酸可溶态Cd)随着水稻的生长而逐渐降低,而w(可还原态Cd)、w(可氧化态Cd)与w(残渣态Cd)则呈升高趋势,其中0. 5%FM-CSB处理对土壤中w(弱酸可溶态Cd)的降低效果最佳.随着FM-CSB添加量的增加,水稻各部位及稻米中w(Cd)均逐渐降低,施加0. 5%FM-CSB时的降Cd效果最佳,可使水稻根、茎、叶、壳与糙米中w(Cd)比CK分别下降48. 66%、54. 64%、45. 11%、31. 64%与48. 94%,并增产39. 33%,而施加量同为0. 5%时的FM-CSB处理下的降Cd效果显著高于未改性的CSB.研究显示,施加0. 5%CSB与0. 05%～0. 5%的FM-CSB均可钝化土壤中Cd并降低水稻对Cd的吸收,且施加相同量的FM-CSB对Cd的钝化效果优于CSB.可见,FM-CSB可钝化土壤中Cd、降低其生物有效性,并减少Cd在水稻各部位的积累.
In order to study the effect of coconut shell biochar(CSB) and Fe-Mn modified coconut shell biochar(FM-CSB) on passivation and accumulation of Cd by rice in Cd contaminated soil,an outdoor rice pot experiment was conducted by addition of 0. 5%CSB and 0. 05%,0. 1%,0. 2%,0. 5% Fe-Mn modified coconut shell biochar(FM-CSB) to the southern acid-contaminated paddy soil.The changes in soil pH,Cd speciation and content in various parts of rice in the treatment group and control group were compared. The results showed that addition of CSB and FM-CSB could increase soil pH,especially at applied amount of FM-CSB higher than 0. 1%(P<0. 05). And the best treatment was achieved when 0. 5% FM-CSB was added. Compared with CK,application of both CSB and FM-CSB could reduce the content of weak acid soluble Cd in soil along with the prolongation of rice growth period,but increase the content of reducible Cd,oxidizable Cd and residual Cd. The addition of 0. 5% FM-CSB resulted in the highest acid-soluble Cd reduction in soil. Cd content in various parts of rice was gradually decreased with the increase of FM-CSB content and the application of 0. 5% FM-CSB resulted in the highest Cd reduction in soil with 48. 66%,54. 64%,45. 11%,31. 64% and 48. 94% decrease in Cd content in rice root,stem,leaf,shell and brown rice,respectively,along with 39. 33% increases in rice yield. When CSB and FM-CSB were applied at the same amount of 0. 5%,FM-CSB resulted in significant lower Cd content than that of CSB in the rice. Our studies show that the application of0. 5% CSB and 0. 05%-0. 5% FM-CSB can passivate Cd in soil and reduce the absorption of Cd in rice,and FM-CSB has better passivation effect than CSB on Cd. The research results indicate that FM-CSB could stabilize Cd in soil and reduce the accumulation of Cd in various parts of rice.
In order to study the effect of coconut shell biochar(CSB) and Fe-Mn modified coconut shell biochar(FM-CSB) on passivation and accumulation of Cd by rice in Cd contaminated soil,an outdoor rice pot experiment was conducted by addition of 0. 5%CSB and 0. 05%,0. 1%,0. 2%,0. 5% Fe-Mn modified coconut shell biochar(FM-CSB) to the southern acid-contaminated paddy soil.The changes in soil pH,Cd speciation and content in various parts of rice in the treatment group and control group were compared. The results showed that addition of CSB and FM-CSB could increase soil pH,especially at applied amount of FM-CSB higher than 0. 1%(P<0. 05). And the best treatment was achieved when 0. 5% FM-CSB was added. Compared with CK,application of both CSB and FM-CSB could reduce the content of weak acid soluble Cd in soil along with the prolongation of rice growth period,but increase the content of reducible Cd,oxidizable Cd and residual Cd. The addition of 0. 5% FM-CSB resulted in the highest acid-soluble Cd reduction in soil. Cd content in various parts of rice was gradually decreased with the increase of FM-CSB content and the application of 0. 5% FM-CSB resulted in the highest Cd reduction in soil with 48. 66%,54. 64%,45. 11%,31. 64% and 48. 94% decrease in Cd content in rice root,stem,leaf,shell and brown rice,respectively,along with 39. 33% increases in rice yield. When CSB and FM-CSB were applied at the same amount of 0. 5%,FM-CSB resulted in significant lower Cd content than that of CSB in the rice. Our studies show that the application of0. 5% CSB and 0. 05%-0. 5% FM-CSB can passivate Cd in soil and reduce the absorption of Cd in rice,and FM-CSB has better passivation effect than CSB on Cd. The research results indicate that FM-CSB could stabilize Cd in soil and reduce the accumulation of Cd in various parts of rice.
引文
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[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].北京:中国国土资源报,2014-04-18[2018-03-04].
[3]刘瑶.中国耕地地球化学调查报告[EB/OL].北京:中国地质调查局,2015-06-25[2018-03-04].http://www.cgs.gov.cn/xwl/ddyw/201603/t20160309_302254.html.
[4] RAURET G,L'OPEZSNCHEZ J,SAHUQUILLO A,et al.Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1(1):57-61.
[5] JAYARATHNE A,EGODAWATTA P,AYOKO G A,et al.Geochemical phase and particle size relationships of metals in urban road dust[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,230:218-226.
[6] LI Zhuo,WU Longhua,LUO Yongming,et al. Dynamics of plant metal uptake and metal changes in whole soil and soil particle fractions during repeated phytoextraction[J]. Plant&Soil,2014,374(1/2):857-869.
[7] ZHANG Yu,YU Haiping,LIU Jin,et al. Loss of function of Os MADS34,leads to large sterile lemma and low grain yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Molecular Breeding,2016,36(11):147-157.
[8] RIZWAN M,ALI S,ADREES M,et al.Cadmium stress in rice:toxic effects,tolerance mechanisms,and management:a critical review[J]. Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2016,23(18):1-21.
[9]李红,区杰泳,颜增光,等.牛骨炭与伊/蒙黏土组配改良剂对土壤中Cd的钝化效果[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(4):725-731..LI Hong,OU Jieyong,YAN Zengguang,et al. Immobilization of soil cadmium using combined amendments of illite/smectite clay with cattle bone char[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(4):725-731.
[10] BIAN Rongjun,CHEN Dan,LIU Xiaoyu,et al. Biochar soil amendment as a solution to prevent Cd-tainted rice from China:results from a cross-site field experiment[J]. Ecological Engineering,2013,58(13):378-383.
[11] TAN Xiaofei,LIU Yunguo,ZENG Guangming,et al.Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions[J].Chemosphere,2015,125:70-85.
[12] CUI Xiaoqiang,FANG Siyu,YAO Yiqiang,et al. Potential mechanisms of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by Canna indica derived biochar[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,562:517-525.
[13] ZAMA E,REID B,ARP H,et al.Advances in research on the use of biochar in soil for remediation:a review[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018,18(7):1-18.
[14] LI Hongbo,DONG Xiaoling,SILVA E,et al. Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars:biochar characteristics and modifications[J].Chemosphere,2017,178:466-478.
[15]楚颖超,李建宏,吴蔚东.椰纤维生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)、As(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2165-2170.CHU Yingchao,LI Jianhong,WU Weidong.Adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ),As(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ)by coconut fiber-derived biochars[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(5):2165-2170.
[16] SHEN Yingshuian,WANG Shanli,TZAO Yumin,et al.Removal of hexavalent Cr by coconut coir and derived chars:the effect of surface functionality[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,104(1):165-172.
[17]袁林.铁锰复合氧化物对重金属铅镉吸附解吸特征及其影响因素研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010:65-68.
[18] ZHOU Qiwen,LIAO Bohan,LIN Lina,et al.Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions by ferromanganese binary oxide-biochar composites[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,615:115-122.
[19] REGMI P,MOSCOSO J,KUMAR S,et al.Removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solution using switchgrass biochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization process[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,109:61-69.
[20]马天行,杨琛,江鲜英,等.纳米零价铁改性氨基生物炭的制备及对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附和解吸特性[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5433-5439.MA Tianxing,YANG Chen,JIANG Xianying,et al. Adsorption and desorption of Cd(Ⅱ)on amino biochar modified by nano zero valent iron[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(10):5433-5439.
[21]秦艳敏,王敦球,梁美娜,等.桑树杆活性炭/铁锰氧化物复合吸附剂的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附[J].环境化学,2016,35(4):783-792.QIN Yanmin,WANG Dunqiu,LIANG Meina,et al. Preparation of mulberry stem activated carbon/Fe-Mn oxide composite sorbent and its effects on the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(4):783-792.
[22] KOMAREK M,VNNEK A,ETTLERR V.Chemical stabilization of metals and arsenic in contaminated soils using oxides:a review[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,172:9-22.
[23] WU Weidong,LI Jianhong,LAN Tian,et al.Unraveling sorption of lead in aqueous solutions by chemically modified biochar derived from coconut fiber:a microscopic and spectroscopic investigation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,576:766-774.
[24] LI Bing,YANG Lan,WANG Changquan,et al. Adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions by rape straw biochar derived from different modification processes[J]. Chemosphere,2017,175:332-340.
[25]刘永红,叶发兵,岳霞丽,等.铁氧化物的合成及其表征[J].化学与生物工程,2006(7):10-12.LIU Yonghong,YE Fabing,YUE Xiali,et al. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxides[J]. Chemistry&Bioengineering,2006(7):10-12.
[26]林丽娜,黄青,刘仲齐,等.生物炭-铁锰氧化物复合材料制备及去除水体砷(Ⅲ)的性能研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(2):182-188.LIN Lina,HUANG Qing,LIU Zhongqi,et al.Preparation of biocharferro manganese oxide composite material and properties of removal of arsenic(Ⅲ)from aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources&Environment,2017,34(2):182-188.
[27] REES F,SIMONNOT M,MOREL J.Short-term effects of biochar on soil heavy metal mobility are controlled by intra-particle diffusion and soil pH increase[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):149-161.
[28] ZHAO Rudong,COLES N,KONG Zhe,et al. Effects of aged and fresh biochars on soil acidity under different incubation conditions[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,146(146):133-138.
[29]郭朝晖,朱永官.典型矿冶周边地区土壤重金属污染及有效性含量[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(4):553-555.GUO Zhaohui,ZHU Yongguan. Soil heavy metal pollution and effectiveness in typical areas surrounding mining and metallurgy[J].Ecology and Environment 2004,13(4):553-555.
[30]毛懿德,铁柏清,叶长城,等.生物炭对重污染土壤镉形态及油菜吸收镉的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):579-582.
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