鲁东南新石器遗址时空格局与自然环境的关系
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摘要
针对史前文化遗址的时空间分布进行研究以进一步分析环境变化对人类聚居地带来的影响,对发现和保护历史文化遗址具有重要的意义。该文运用GIS空间分析方法对鲁东南地区史前遗址的时空分布特征进行分析,并结合区域地形地貌等条件分析遗址与自然环境条件的关系。结果表明:遗址点主要分布在高程50～200m、坡度0～6°、坡向朝南且距离河流200～2 100m的范围内;且遗址点的分布呈现一定的聚集性,不同时期人类活动聚集中心存在迁移现象。由此得出古代人类倾向于选择海拔高度低,坡度小,向阳且靠近水源的地方聚居,且不同时期农业经济类型和社会的发展程度一定程度的影响了人类活动中心的位置分布。探究了鲁东南地区3个时期遗址时空分布和自然环境之间的关系,分析了不同时期人类活动中心的聚散特征。
Studying the spatio-temporal distribution of prehistoric cultural sites to further study the impact of environmental changes on human settlements is of great significance for the discovery and protection of historical and cultural sites.In this paper,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the prehistoric sites in the Shandong area are analyzed by using the GIS spatial analysis method,and the relationship between the sites and the natural environment conditions is analyzed according to the regional topography and geomorphology.The results show that the sites are mainly distributed in the range of 50～200 meters in elevation,0～6 degrees and southward in slope,200～2 100 meters away from the river,and the distribution of sites show aggregation,and there is migration phenomenon in human activity aggregation centers in different periods.It's follows that the ancient humans tend to live in low altitude,low slope,sunny and close to the water area,furthermore,the types of agricultural economy and the degree of social development in different periods affect the distribution of human activity aggregation centers.This paper uses GIS to explore the relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution of the sites in the three periods in the southeast of Shandong province and the natural environment,and analyzes the characteristics of the gathering and distribution of human activities in different periods.
Studying the spatio-temporal distribution of prehistoric cultural sites to further study the impact of environmental changes on human settlements is of great significance for the discovery and protection of historical and cultural sites.In this paper,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the prehistoric sites in the Shandong area are analyzed by using the GIS spatial analysis method,and the relationship between the sites and the natural environment conditions is analyzed according to the regional topography and geomorphology.The results show that the sites are mainly distributed in the range of 50～200 meters in elevation,0～6 degrees and southward in slope,200～2 100 meters away from the river,and the distribution of sites show aggregation,and there is migration phenomenon in human activity aggregation centers in different periods.It's follows that the ancient humans tend to live in low altitude,low slope,sunny and close to the water area,furthermore,the types of agricultural economy and the degree of social development in different periods affect the distribution of human activity aggregation centers.This paper uses GIS to explore the relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution of the sites in the three periods in the southeast of Shandong province and the natural environment,and analyzes the characteristics of the gathering and distribution of human activities in different periods.
引文
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[15]德梅克.详细地貌制图手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.(DE Meike.Manual of detailed geomorphological mapping[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984.)
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[17]夏慧君,许五弟,任云英.基于GIS的榆林市历史文化遗址空间分布特征研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2010,7(1):293-295.(XIA Huijun,XU Wudi,REN Yunying.Study on the spatial distribution of historical and cultural sites in Yulin city based on GIS[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Edit),2010,7(1):293-295.)
[18]李水城.区域对比:环境与聚落的演进[J].考古与文物,2002(6):33-38.(LI Shuicheng.Regional comparison:environment and the development of settlements[J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2002(6):33-38.)
[19]夏正楷,杨晓燕.我国北方4ka B.P.前后异常洪水事件的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):667-674.(XIA Zhengkai,YANG Xiaoyan.Preliminary study on the flood events about 4ka B.P.in north China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):667-674.)
[20]毕硕本,计晗,杨鸿儒.基于DBSCAN算法的郑洛地区史前聚落遗址聚类分析[J].科学技术与工程,2014,32(14):266-270.(BI Shuoben,JI Han,YANG Hongru.Clustering analysis of the neolithic settlement sites in Zhengzhou-Luoyang area based on DBSCAN[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,32(14):266-270.)
[2]GARCIA A.GIS-based methodology for Palaeolithic site location preferences analysis:a case study from Late Palaeolithic Cantabria(Northern Iberian Peninsula)[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2013,40(1):217-226.
[3]LOCK G,STANCIC Z.Archaeology and eographic Information Systems:a european perspective[Z].London:Taylor and Francis,1995.
[4]王芳,张小雷,杨兆萍,等.历史时期伊犁河谷文化遗址时空特征及驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2015,70(5):796-808.(WANG Fang,ZHANG Xiaolei,YANGZhaoping,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics of cultural sites and an analysis of their driving forces in the Ili River Valley in historical periods[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(5):796-808.)
[5]张海.景观考古学:理论、方法与实践[J].南方文物,2010,2010(4):8-17.(ZHANG Hai.Landscape archeology:theory,methods and practice[J].Cultural Relics in Southern China,2010,2010(4):8-17.)
[6]张颖岚.GIS在考古学的应用现状和前景展望[J].西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,36(6):94-97.(ZHANG Yinglan.Application and prospect of GIS in archaeology[J].Journal of Northwest University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Editio,2006,36(6):94-97.)
[7]GOULD P.Locational analysis in human geography,by Peter Haggett[J].Economic Geography,1965,43(3):276-277.
[8]李凌雁,翁钢民.基于空间错位的我国西部地区旅游、文化与经济发展的演变分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(2):121-126.(LI Lingyan,WEN Gangmin.Evolution analysis of tourism,culture and economy development in the Western China based on spatial mismatch method[J].Geography and Geo-information science,2016,32(2):121-126.)
[9]张海.Arc View地理信息系统在中原地区聚落考古研究中的应用[J].华夏考古,2004(1):98-106.(ZHANGHai.Application of Arc View geographic information system in settlement archeology in the Central Plains[J].Huaxia Archaeology,2004(1):98-106.)
[10]柳泽,毛锋,周文生,等.基于空间数据库的大遗址文化遗产保护[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010(3):338-341.(LIU Ze,MAO Feng,ZHOU Wensheng,et al.Conservation of large-scale cultural heritage sites based on spatial databas[J].J Tsinghua University(Sci&Tech),2010(3):338-341.)
[11]李中轩,吴国玺,朱诚,等.4.2~3.5kaBP嵩山南麓聚落的时空特征及其演化模式[J].地理学报,2016,71(9):1640-1652.(LI Zhongxuan,WU Guoxi,ZHUCheng,et al.Spatial and temporal pattern of the 4.2~3.5kaBP settlements and its succession models in the south of the Songshan Mountain[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(9):1640-1652.)
[12]阮浩波,王乃昂,牛震敏,等.毛乌素沙地汉代古城遗址空间格局及驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(5):873-882.(RUAN Haobo,WANG Nayang,NIU Zhenmin,et al.Spatial pattern of ancient city sites and its driving forces in Mu Us Sandy Land during Han Dynasty[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(5):873-882.)
[13]闫丽洁,石忆邵,杨瑞霞,等.借助GIS研究史前聚落遗址的空间分布特征[J].地理信息世界,2012,10(2):44-48.(YAN Lijie,SHI Yishao,YANG Ruixia,et al.Research on the characteristics of prehistoric settlement sites distribution based on GIS[J].Geomatics World,2012,10(2):44-48.)
[14]李中轩,朱诚,吴国玺,等.河南省史前人类遗址的时空分布及其驱动因子[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1527-1537.(LI Zhongxuan,ZHU Cheng,WU Guoxi,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of prehistoric human sites and its driving factors in Henan province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(11):1527-1537.)
[15]德梅克.详细地貌制图手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.(DE Meike.Manual of detailed geomorphological mapping[M].Beijing:Science Press,1984.)
[16]毕硕本,郭文政,闾国年.郑洛地区史前聚落遗址坡向坡度分析[J].测绘科学,2010,35(6):139-141.(BI Shuoben,GUO Wenzheng,LYU Guonian.Aspect and slope analysis of prehistoric settlement sites in Zhengzhou-Luoyang region[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2010,35(6):139-141.)
[17]夏慧君,许五弟,任云英.基于GIS的榆林市历史文化遗址空间分布特征研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2010,7(1):293-295.(XIA Huijun,XU Wudi,REN Yunying.Study on the spatial distribution of historical and cultural sites in Yulin city based on GIS[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Edit),2010,7(1):293-295.)
[18]李水城.区域对比:环境与聚落的演进[J].考古与文物,2002(6):33-38.(LI Shuicheng.Regional comparison:environment and the development of settlements[J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2002(6):33-38.)
[19]夏正楷,杨晓燕.我国北方4ka B.P.前后异常洪水事件的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):667-674.(XIA Zhengkai,YANG Xiaoyan.Preliminary study on the flood events about 4ka B.P.in north China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):667-674.)
[20]毕硕本,计晗,杨鸿儒.基于DBSCAN算法的郑洛地区史前聚落遗址聚类分析[J].科学技术与工程,2014,32(14):266-270.(BI Shuoben,JI Han,YANG Hongru.Clustering analysis of the neolithic settlement sites in Zhengzhou-Luoyang area based on DBSCAN[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,32(14):266-270.)
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