镉对食用菌生长的影响及防控技术研究进展
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摘要
在食用菌产品重金属污染中,镉超标所占的比例相对突出。生产实践表明,镉在食用菌中的富集不仅会导致其减产并影响其品质,而且会通过食物链的传递而危害人体健康。文章在分析不同食用菌品种对重金属镉的响应的基础上,重点综述镉的污染途径及相关富集机制,主要包括不同品种差异、生产环境影响、不同阈值效应、要素交互作用、梯度激发响应等内在规律,阐述相关食用菌品种具有富集甚至超富集镉元素的生理特性,发现金属硫蛋白是一类广泛存在于生物活体内且比较容易被重金属、激素和各种细胞因子诱导的低分子量金属结合蛋白物质;金属硫蛋白在菇体内的生物功能,主要表现为与重金属结合,包括形成螯合物,改变重金属离子赋存形态,从而降低重金属离子毒害程度。文章也关注防控食用菌生产过程对镉富集的技术研究进展,并结合生产实践,提出了合理选择品种、添加有益元素、优化栽培方式、优选生产材料、合理选择土壤等技术对策,以求为食用菌产业的绿色发展提供参考与借鉴。
In heavy metal pollution of the edible mushroom products, the proportion of excessing standard of cadmium(Cd) is striking. Production practices show that enrichment of Cd in the edible fungi not only leads to the reduction of its production, but also harms the health of human beings through the food chain. Cd contamination in edible fungi production process has different response and accumulation rules and harmful manifestations. Based on the analysis of the present status of heavy metal Cd pollution in the production of edible fungi, this paper focuses on the ways of Cd pollution and its related enrichment mechanisms, the physiological characteristics of edible fungi with enriching or even super-enriching Cd. In particular, it has been found that metallothionein is a kind of low molecular weight metallothionein, which is widely distributed in living organisms and easily induced by heavy metals,hormones and various cytokines. Metallothionein can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals by binding them, and then the chelation compound was either export out of the cell or compartmentalization. This paper pays attentions to the recent progress of Cd accumulation prevention and control techniques in edible fungi. And combined with productive practice, we give some suggestions on how to reduce heavy metal pollution in edible fungi, including select low Cd accumulation varieties, add beneficial elements,optimize cultivation method, use unpolluted cultivation substrates and casing soil, and so on. Our aim is to provide references for the green development of the edible fungus industry and high quality and safe mushroom products.
In heavy metal pollution of the edible mushroom products, the proportion of excessing standard of cadmium(Cd) is striking. Production practices show that enrichment of Cd in the edible fungi not only leads to the reduction of its production, but also harms the health of human beings through the food chain. Cd contamination in edible fungi production process has different response and accumulation rules and harmful manifestations. Based on the analysis of the present status of heavy metal Cd pollution in the production of edible fungi, this paper focuses on the ways of Cd pollution and its related enrichment mechanisms, the physiological characteristics of edible fungi with enriching or even super-enriching Cd. In particular, it has been found that metallothionein is a kind of low molecular weight metallothionein, which is widely distributed in living organisms and easily induced by heavy metals,hormones and various cytokines. Metallothionein can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals by binding them, and then the chelation compound was either export out of the cell or compartmentalization. This paper pays attentions to the recent progress of Cd accumulation prevention and control techniques in edible fungi. And combined with productive practice, we give some suggestions on how to reduce heavy metal pollution in edible fungi, including select low Cd accumulation varieties, add beneficial elements,optimize cultivation method, use unpolluted cultivation substrates and casing soil, and so on. Our aim is to provide references for the green development of the edible fungus industry and high quality and safe mushroom products.
引文
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