长江口及邻近海域异戊二烯的浓度变化及海-气通量研究
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摘要
于2014年2月(枯水季)和7月(丰水季)对长江口及其邻近海域海水中异戊二烯的浓度分布、季节变化及影响因素进行了研究,并计算了其海-气释放通量.分析结果表明:枯水季和丰水季表层海水中异戊二烯平均浓度(范围)分别为(6.28±2.33)((2.96～13.68))和(57.01±80.60)((6.82～432.6)) pmol·L~(-1),季节变化明显,但两个季节浓度高值均出现在长江口东侧及浙江东南部海域.丰水季异戊二烯在不同盐度梯度的浓度分布表明,海水中异戊二烯主要来源于浮游植物的原位生产,而不是直接由陆源输入.相关性分析中,仅发现枯水季温度与异戊二烯浓度存在一定的相关性.此外,枯水季和丰水季异戊二烯海-气通量平均值(范围)分别为(3.82±5.29)(0.07～27.18)和(12.29±16.61)(0.08～61.14) nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),表明长江口海域是大气中异戊二烯的源.
Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and influencing factors of isoprene were investigated in the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea during the wet and dry seasons in 2014. The sea-to-air flux of isoprene was also estimated. The results showed that the mean isoprene concentrations in surface water were(6.28±2.33)((2.96～13.68)) and(57.01±80.60)((6.82～432.54)) pmol·L~(-1) during the dry and wet seasons, with an obvious seasonal variation. The high concentration values of isoprene occurred in the east of the Yangtze River Estuary and the southeast coastal sea area of Zhejiang in the both seasons. The concentration distribution of isoprene along the salinity-gradient transect in wet season indicated that the main source of isoprene in seawater was in situ production of phytoplankton rather than the direct runoff input. A positive correlation was found between temperature and isoprene in the dry season. In addition, the sea-to-air fluxes of isoprene were estimated to be(3.82±5.29)((0.07～27.18)) and(12.29±16.61)((0.08～61.14)) nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1) during the dry and wet seasons, indicating the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea is a source of atmosphere isoprene.
Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and influencing factors of isoprene were investigated in the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea during the wet and dry seasons in 2014. The sea-to-air flux of isoprene was also estimated. The results showed that the mean isoprene concentrations in surface water were(6.28±2.33)((2.96～13.68)) and(57.01±80.60)((6.82～432.54)) pmol·L~(-1) during the dry and wet seasons, with an obvious seasonal variation. The high concentration values of isoprene occurred in the east of the Yangtze River Estuary and the southeast coastal sea area of Zhejiang in the both seasons. The concentration distribution of isoprene along the salinity-gradient transect in wet season indicated that the main source of isoprene in seawater was in situ production of phytoplankton rather than the direct runoff input. A positive correlation was found between temperature and isoprene in the dry season. In addition, the sea-to-air fluxes of isoprene were estimated to be(3.82±5.29)((0.07～27.18)) and(12.29±16.61)((0.08～61.14)) nmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1) during the dry and wet seasons, indicating the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea is a source of atmosphere isoprene.
引文
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Breton E,Brunet C,Sautour B,et al.2000.Annual variations of phytoplankton biomass in the Eastern English Channel:comparison by pigment signatures and microscopic counts[J].Journal of Plankton Research,22(8):1423-1440
Broadgate W J,Malin G,Küpper F C,et al.2004.Isoprene and other non-methane hydrocarbons from seaweeds:a source of reactive hydrocarbons to the atmosphere[J].Marine Chemistry,88(1):61-73
Carpenter L J,Archer S D,Beale R.2012.Ocean-atmosphere trace gas exchange[J].The Royal of society of Chemistry,41:6473-6506
Donahue N M,Prinn R G.1990.Non-methane hydrocarbon chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,95:18387-18411
Druffel E R M,Williams P M,Bauer J E,et al.1992.Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97:15639-15659
Exton D A,Suggett D J,Mcgenity T J,et al.2013.Chlorophyll‐normalized isoprene production in laboratory cultures of marine microalgae and implications for global models[J].Limnology & Oceanography,58(4):1301-1311
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Kurihara M,Iseda M,Ioriya T,et al.2012.Brominated methane compounds and isoprene in surface seawater of Sagami Bay:Concentrations,fluxes,and relationships with phytoplankton assemblages[J].Marine Chemistry,134-135(8):71-79
Kuzma J,Nemecek-Marshall M,Pollock W H,et al.1995.Bacteria produce the volatile hydrocarbon isoprene[J].Current Microbiology,30:97-103
Li J L,Zhang H H,Yang G P.2017.Distribution and sea-to-air flux of isoprene in the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea during summer[J].Chemosphere,178:291-300
李建龙,周立敏,张洪海,等.2015.秋季黄海与渤海异戊二烯含量的分布及海-气通量[J].环境科学研究,28(7):1062-1068
李照,宋书群,李才文,等.2017.丰、枯水期长江口邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境影响初探[J].海洋学报(中文版),39(10):124-144
Loreto F,Velikova V.2001.Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage,quenches ozone products,and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes[J].Plant Physiology,127(4):1781-1787
吕新刚,乔方利,夏长水,等.2007.长江口外及浙江沿岸夏季上升流的潮生机制[J].中国科学D辑,37(1):133-144
Matsunaga S,Mochida M,Saito T,et al.2002.In situ measurement of isoprene in the marine air and surface seawater from the western North Pacific[J].Atmospheric Environment,36(39):6051-6057
Moore R M,Oram D E,Penkett S A.2013.Production of isoprene by marine phytoplankton cultures[J].Geophysical Research Letters,21(23):2507-2510
Nakayama T,Sato K,Imamura T,et al.2018.Effect of oxidation process on complex refractive index of secondary organic aerosol generated from isoprene[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(5):2566-2574
Noone K.1998.Effect of Oxidation Process on Complex Refractive Index of Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Isoprene [J].Physics Today,51(10):88-90
Pacifico F,Harrison S P,Jones C D,et al.2009.Isoprene emissions and climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(39):6121-6135
Palmer P I,Shaw S L.2005.Quantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(9):302-317
Peter J.Milne,Daniel D.Riemer,Rod.G.Zika,et al.1995.Measurement of vertical distribution of isoprene in surface seawater,its chemical fate,and its emission from several phytoplankton monocultures[J].Marine Chemistry,48(3/4):237-244
Poisson N,Kanakidou M,Crutzen P J.2000.Impact of non-methane hydrocarbons on tropospheric chemistry and the oxidizing power of the global troposphere:3-Dimensional modelling results[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,36(2):157-230
Shaw S L,Chisholm S W,Prinn R G.2003.Isoprene production by Prochlorococcus,a marine cyanobacterium,and other phytoplankton[J].Marine Chemistry,80(4):227-245
Velikova V,Loreto F,Tsonev T,et al.2006.Isoprene prevents the negative consequences of high temperature stress in Platanus orientalis leaves[J].Functional Plant Biology,33(10):931-940
Wanninkhof R.1992.Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,97(C5):7373-7382
吴英璀,李建龙,王健,等.2018.春季黄、渤海中异戊二烯的浓度空间分布与海-气通量[J].中国环境科学,38(3):893-899
徐韧,洪君超,王桂兰,等.1994.长江口及其邻近海域的赤潮现象[J].海洋通报,(5):25-29
Yokouchi Y,Li H J,Machida T,et al.1999.Isoprene in the marine boundary layer (southeast Asian Sea,eastern Indian Ocean,and Southern Ocean):Comparison with dimethyl sulfide and bromoform[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,104(D7):8067-8076
张洪海,李建龙,杨桂朋,等.2015.吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用测定天然水体中异戊二烯的研究[J].分析化学,43(3):333-337
赵保仁,任广法,曹德明,等.2001.长江口上升流海区的生态环境特征[J].海洋与湖沼,32(3):327-333
Baker A R,Turner S M,Broadgate W J,et al.2000.Distribution and sea-air fluxes of biogenic trace gases in the eastern Atlantic Ocean[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,14(3):871-886
Bonsang B,Polle C,Lambert G.1992.Evidence for marine production of isoprene[J].Geophysical Research Letters,19(11):1129-1132
Breton E,Brunet C,Sautour B,et al.2000.Annual variations of phytoplankton biomass in the Eastern English Channel:comparison by pigment signatures and microscopic counts[J].Journal of Plankton Research,22(8):1423-1440
Broadgate W J,Malin G,Küpper F C,et al.2004.Isoprene and other non-methane hydrocarbons from seaweeds:a source of reactive hydrocarbons to the atmosphere[J].Marine Chemistry,88(1):61-73
Carpenter L J,Archer S D,Beale R.2012.Ocean-atmosphere trace gas exchange[J].The Royal of society of Chemistry,41:6473-6506
Donahue N M,Prinn R G.1990.Non-methane hydrocarbon chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,95:18387-18411
Druffel E R M,Williams P M,Bauer J E,et al.1992.Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97:15639-15659
Exton D A,Suggett D J,Mcgenity T J,et al.2013.Chlorophyll‐normalized isoprene production in laboratory cultures of marine microalgae and implications for global models[J].Limnology & Oceanography,58(4):1301-1311
Kiendlerscharr A,Wildt J,Maso M D,et al.2009.New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions.[J].Nature,461(7262):381
Kurihara M,Iseda M,Ioriya T,et al.2012.Brominated methane compounds and isoprene in surface seawater of Sagami Bay:Concentrations,fluxes,and relationships with phytoplankton assemblages[J].Marine Chemistry,134-135(8):71-79
Kuzma J,Nemecek-Marshall M,Pollock W H,et al.1995.Bacteria produce the volatile hydrocarbon isoprene[J].Current Microbiology,30:97-103
Li J L,Zhang H H,Yang G P.2017.Distribution and sea-to-air flux of isoprene in the East China Sea and the South Yellow Sea during summer[J].Chemosphere,178:291-300
李建龙,周立敏,张洪海,等.2015.秋季黄海与渤海异戊二烯含量的分布及海-气通量[J].环境科学研究,28(7):1062-1068
李照,宋书群,李才文,等.2017.丰、枯水期长江口邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境影响初探[J].海洋学报(中文版),39(10):124-144
Loreto F,Velikova V.2001.Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage,quenches ozone products,and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes[J].Plant Physiology,127(4):1781-1787
吕新刚,乔方利,夏长水,等.2007.长江口外及浙江沿岸夏季上升流的潮生机制[J].中国科学D辑,37(1):133-144
Matsunaga S,Mochida M,Saito T,et al.2002.In situ measurement of isoprene in the marine air and surface seawater from the western North Pacific[J].Atmospheric Environment,36(39):6051-6057
Moore R M,Oram D E,Penkett S A.2013.Production of isoprene by marine phytoplankton cultures[J].Geophysical Research Letters,21(23):2507-2510
Nakayama T,Sato K,Imamura T,et al.2018.Effect of oxidation process on complex refractive index of secondary organic aerosol generated from isoprene[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(5):2566-2574
Noone K.1998.Effect of Oxidation Process on Complex Refractive Index of Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Isoprene [J].Physics Today,51(10):88-90
Pacifico F,Harrison S P,Jones C D,et al.2009.Isoprene emissions and climate[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(39):6121-6135
Palmer P I,Shaw S L.2005.Quantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(9):302-317
Peter J.Milne,Daniel D.Riemer,Rod.G.Zika,et al.1995.Measurement of vertical distribution of isoprene in surface seawater,its chemical fate,and its emission from several phytoplankton monocultures[J].Marine Chemistry,48(3/4):237-244
Poisson N,Kanakidou M,Crutzen P J.2000.Impact of non-methane hydrocarbons on tropospheric chemistry and the oxidizing power of the global troposphere:3-Dimensional modelling results[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,36(2):157-230
Shaw S L,Chisholm S W,Prinn R G.2003.Isoprene production by Prochlorococcus,a marine cyanobacterium,and other phytoplankton[J].Marine Chemistry,80(4):227-245
Velikova V,Loreto F,Tsonev T,et al.2006.Isoprene prevents the negative consequences of high temperature stress in Platanus orientalis leaves[J].Functional Plant Biology,33(10):931-940
Wanninkhof R.1992.Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,97(C5):7373-7382
吴英璀,李建龙,王健,等.2018.春季黄、渤海中异戊二烯的浓度空间分布与海-气通量[J].中国环境科学,38(3):893-899
徐韧,洪君超,王桂兰,等.1994.长江口及其邻近海域的赤潮现象[J].海洋通报,(5):25-29
Yokouchi Y,Li H J,Machida T,et al.1999.Isoprene in the marine boundary layer (southeast Asian Sea,eastern Indian Ocean,and Southern Ocean):Comparison with dimethyl sulfide and bromoform[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,104(D7):8067-8076
张洪海,李建龙,杨桂朋,等.2015.吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用测定天然水体中异戊二烯的研究[J].分析化学,43(3):333-337
赵保仁,任广法,曹德明,等.2001.长江口上升流海区的生态环境特征[J].海洋与湖沼,32(3):327-333
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