砂田抑制蒸发功能随覆砂年限的演变规律
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摘要
【目的】研究压砂覆盖(砂田)保温及抑制蒸发功能随砂田退化程度的演变规律。【方法】基于多年Landsat卫星数据,使用辐射传输方程法反演香山地区砂田地表温度(LST),结合田间地表温度监测,对比砂田与裸地的地表温度变化,分析了砂田抑制土壤蒸发的机理,并探讨了砂田的功效与砂田使用年限的关系。【结果】砂田在LST-NDVI梯形空间中贴近于暖边,其土壤水分比耕地少,接近于干土层。因此,砂田可以隔离辐射与土壤表层,从而减小潜热通量,抑制土壤蒸发。砂田昼夜温差明显比裸地大,且对于西瓜等作物,砂田的有效地表积温也比裸地提高了10%。【结论】砂田退化过程可分为纯砾石阶段、砂土混合阶段和砂土连通阶段,从砂田的保温及抑制蒸发功能来看,砂田的有效使用年限为25～30 a。
【Objective】Gravel mulch is an effective method to reduce soil evaporation, but its service deteriorates as time elapses. In this paper we studied the change in capability of a gravel mulch in thermal preservation and evaporation inhibition using satellite imagery.【Method】The analysis was based on the Landsat satellite data, and the radiative transfer equation was used to inversely calculate the surface temperature(LST) of a gravel-sand mulched field in Xiangshan. Combining with the observed LST, we compared the change in surface temperature of the mulched and bare ground, from which we analyzed the efficacy of the mulch in reducing soil evaporation and its degradation as the mulch was aging.【Result】The mulch was close to the warm edge in the LST-NDVI trapezoidal space and the soil moisture in it was lower than that in the cultivated land; it is close to that in the dry soil.The gravel-sand mulch can attenuate the radiation to reach soil surface, thereby reducing the latent heat flux and consequently soil evaporation. The day-night temperature oscillation in the mulched field was more substantial than that in the bare field. We also found that for watermelon, mulching increased the effective surface cumulative temperature by 10% compared to the bare field.【Conclusions】Degradation of the gravel-sand mulch can be divided into pure gravel-sand stage, sand-soil stage and sand-soil connection stage. Based on our results, the effective serviceable life of the mulch is approximately 25～30 years.
【Objective】Gravel mulch is an effective method to reduce soil evaporation, but its service deteriorates as time elapses. In this paper we studied the change in capability of a gravel mulch in thermal preservation and evaporation inhibition using satellite imagery.【Method】The analysis was based on the Landsat satellite data, and the radiative transfer equation was used to inversely calculate the surface temperature(LST) of a gravel-sand mulched field in Xiangshan. Combining with the observed LST, we compared the change in surface temperature of the mulched and bare ground, from which we analyzed the efficacy of the mulch in reducing soil evaporation and its degradation as the mulch was aging.【Result】The mulch was close to the warm edge in the LST-NDVI trapezoidal space and the soil moisture in it was lower than that in the cultivated land; it is close to that in the dry soil.The gravel-sand mulch can attenuate the radiation to reach soil surface, thereby reducing the latent heat flux and consequently soil evaporation. The day-night temperature oscillation in the mulched field was more substantial than that in the bare field. We also found that for watermelon, mulching increased the effective surface cumulative temperature by 10% compared to the bare field.【Conclusions】Degradation of the gravel-sand mulch can be divided into pure gravel-sand stage, sand-soil stage and sand-soil connection stage. Based on our results, the effective serviceable life of the mulch is approximately 25～30 years.
引文
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[2]赵文举,郁文,范严伟,等.滴灌条件下容重对压砂土壤水分入渗规律的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2016, 36(1):169-173, 200.
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[10]胡景田,马琨,王占军,等.荒地不同压砂年限对土壤微生物区系、酶活性与土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2010, 30(3):53-58.
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[12]杨玉永,徐秀杰,杨丽萍.墒情遥感监测中热惯量模型的修正[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(6):54-59.
[13]陈智森,司炳成.基于高分辨率影像的河套灌区乡镇尺度作物种植面积监测[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(6):124-128.
[14]胡德勇,乔琨,王兴玲,等.单窗算法结合Landsat 8热红外数据反演地表温度[J].遥感学报, 2015, 19(6):964-976.
[15]毛克彪,覃志豪,王建明,等.针对MODIS数据的大气水汽含量反演及31和32波段透过率计算[J].国土资源遥感, 2005, 17(1):29-32,79.
[16]张兆明,何国金,肖荣波,等.利用TM6数据反演陆地表面温度新算法研究[J].遥感技术与应用, 2005, 1(6):547-550.
[17]覃志豪,ARNON Karnieli.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报, 2001, 56(4):456-466.
[18]候静,杜灵通,张学俭.压砂种植模式对地表热场景观格局的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(1):264-271.
[19]谭军利,王玉龙,赵小勇,等.宁夏环香山地区降水特性分析[J].宁夏工程技术, 2013, 12(2):128-130.
[20]白洁,刘绍民,扈光.针对TM/ETM+遥感数据的地表温度反演与验证[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(9):148-154.
[21] TANG Ronglin,LI Zhaoliang,TANG Bohui. An application of the ts-vi triangle method with enhanced edges determination for evapotranspiration estimation from modis data in arid and semi-arid regions:implementation and validation[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010, 114(3):540-551.
[22] SUN Zhigang,WANG Qinxue,Bunkei Matsushita,et al. A new method to define the vi-ts diagram using subpixel vegetation and soil information:a case study over a semiarid agricultural region in the North China plain[J]. Sensors, 2008, 8(10):6 260-6 279.
[23]王平,谢成俊,陈娟.不同种植年限砂田水盐变化与砂田退化初探[J].水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2):251-254.
[24]王金牛,谢忠奎,郭志鸿,等.砂田退化对土壤温度和蒸发影响的模拟研究[J].中国沙漠, 2010, 30(2):388-393.
[25]王菲,王建宇,王幼奇.宁夏荒地压砂年限与土壤理化性质研究[J].北方园艺, 2014(13):181-185.
[26] COREY A T, KEMPER W D. Conservation of soil water by gravel mulches[D]. Fort Collins:Colorado State University, 1968.
[27]崔向新,蒙仲举,高永,等.不同粒径砾石覆盖对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].中国农村水利水电, 2009(3):21-23.
[28]陈士辉,谢忠奎,王亚军,等.砂田西瓜不同粒径砂砾石覆盖的水分效应研究[J].中国沙漠, 2005, 25(3):433-436.
[29]马忠明,杜少平,薛亮.覆砂年限对砂田砂层质量、土壤水热状况及西瓜生长的影响[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(5):1 433-1 439.
[30]郑文生,孟岩,李芳花,等.地下滴灌条件下氮肥调控对氮运移规律的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(8):15-21.
[31]付蕾,魏珉,李岩,等.不同灌溉施肥方式对日光温室甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(8):8-14.
[2]赵文举,郁文,范严伟,等.滴灌条件下容重对压砂土壤水分入渗规律的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2016, 36(1):169-173, 200.
[3]宋日权,褚贵新,张瑞喜,等.覆砂对土壤入渗、蒸发和盐分迁移的影响[J].土壤学报, 2012, 49(2):282-288.
[4]蔡永坤.砂石覆盖对农田土壤水分及作物生长和发育的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[5]王平,谢成俊,陈娟.不同种植年限砂田水盐变化与砂田退化初探[J].水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2):251-254.
[6]赵文举,唐学芬,范严伟,等.不同种植年限压砂地土壤盐分变化规律研究[J].中国水土保持, 2014(9):51-53, 69.
[7]赵文举,李娜,李宗礼,等.不同种植年限压砂地土壤水分空间变异规律研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2015, 36(6):1 067-1 073.
[8]王永忠,牛国元,许强,等.宁夏中部干旱带压砂地耕作方式的生态功能[J].水土保持通报, 2010, 30(3):163-167.
[9]许强,吴宏亮,康建宏,等.旱区砂田肥力演变特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2009, 27(1):37-41.
[10]胡景田,马琨,王占军,等.荒地不同压砂年限对土壤微生物区系、酶活性与土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持通报, 2010, 30(3):53-58.
[11]李稚,汪洋,王志成,等. 1982—2012年西北干旱区蒸散发组分时空变化分析[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018,37(7):120-128.
[12]杨玉永,徐秀杰,杨丽萍.墒情遥感监测中热惯量模型的修正[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(6):54-59.
[13]陈智森,司炳成.基于高分辨率影像的河套灌区乡镇尺度作物种植面积监测[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(6):124-128.
[14]胡德勇,乔琨,王兴玲,等.单窗算法结合Landsat 8热红外数据反演地表温度[J].遥感学报, 2015, 19(6):964-976.
[15]毛克彪,覃志豪,王建明,等.针对MODIS数据的大气水汽含量反演及31和32波段透过率计算[J].国土资源遥感, 2005, 17(1):29-32,79.
[16]张兆明,何国金,肖荣波,等.利用TM6数据反演陆地表面温度新算法研究[J].遥感技术与应用, 2005, 1(6):547-550.
[17]覃志豪,ARNON Karnieli.用陆地卫星TM6数据演算地表温度的单窗算法[J].地理学报, 2001, 56(4):456-466.
[18]候静,杜灵通,张学俭.压砂种植模式对地表热场景观格局的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2016, 34(1):264-271.
[19]谭军利,王玉龙,赵小勇,等.宁夏环香山地区降水特性分析[J].宁夏工程技术, 2013, 12(2):128-130.
[20]白洁,刘绍民,扈光.针对TM/ETM+遥感数据的地表温度反演与验证[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(9):148-154.
[21] TANG Ronglin,LI Zhaoliang,TANG Bohui. An application of the ts-vi triangle method with enhanced edges determination for evapotranspiration estimation from modis data in arid and semi-arid regions:implementation and validation[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010, 114(3):540-551.
[22] SUN Zhigang,WANG Qinxue,Bunkei Matsushita,et al. A new method to define the vi-ts diagram using subpixel vegetation and soil information:a case study over a semiarid agricultural region in the North China plain[J]. Sensors, 2008, 8(10):6 260-6 279.
[23]王平,谢成俊,陈娟.不同种植年限砂田水盐变化与砂田退化初探[J].水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2):251-254.
[24]王金牛,谢忠奎,郭志鸿,等.砂田退化对土壤温度和蒸发影响的模拟研究[J].中国沙漠, 2010, 30(2):388-393.
[25]王菲,王建宇,王幼奇.宁夏荒地压砂年限与土壤理化性质研究[J].北方园艺, 2014(13):181-185.
[26] COREY A T, KEMPER W D. Conservation of soil water by gravel mulches[D]. Fort Collins:Colorado State University, 1968.
[27]崔向新,蒙仲举,高永,等.不同粒径砾石覆盖对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].中国农村水利水电, 2009(3):21-23.
[28]陈士辉,谢忠奎,王亚军,等.砂田西瓜不同粒径砂砾石覆盖的水分效应研究[J].中国沙漠, 2005, 25(3):433-436.
[29]马忠明,杜少平,薛亮.覆砂年限对砂田砂层质量、土壤水热状况及西瓜生长的影响[J].中国沙漠, 2013, 33(5):1 433-1 439.
[30]郑文生,孟岩,李芳花,等.地下滴灌条件下氮肥调控对氮运移规律的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(8):15-21.
[31]付蕾,魏珉,李岩,等.不同灌溉施肥方式对日光温室甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(8):8-14.
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