北疆棉田非作物生境食蚜蝇种群消长动态
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摘要
2016—2017年,利用扫网法系统调查了北疆棉田周边的非作物生境中9科13种常见植物上的食蚜蝇种群发生情况。研究发现,食蚜蝇种群密度在不同植物上有显著差异,种群发生高峰主要集中在各种植物开花期,种群消长还与这些植物上的蚜虫发生有明显跟随关系。5—6月,食蚜蝇在大部分植物上都有发生,但主要集中于新疆大蒜芥和罗布麻等;7—8月,在碱蓬、大麻、顶羽菊等上种群密度高;9月,主要在甘草、顶羽菊、罗布麻等上。本研究为今后充分利用棉田周边非作物生境,提升对食蚜蝇种群保育功能及棉花害虫生态控制水平提供了科学依据。
In 2016 and 2017, the population dynamics of hoverflies in non-crop habitats(including 13 plant species from 9 families) surrounding cotton fields were monitored using a sweeping method in northern Xinjiang. The population densities of hoverflies varied greatly on different plants. However, the populations usually peaked during the flowering periods of the plants and co-occurred in a follow-up pattern with aphid population dynamics. The preferred plant species of hoverflies varied with season. From May to June, high hoverfly densities were found on Sisymbrium loeselii and Apocynum venetum. In July and August, the densities were high on Suaeda glauca, Cannabis sativa and Acroptilon repens. While in September, hoverflies shifted to other plants such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis, A. repens and A. venetum. The results are significant for utilizing non-crop habitats to enhance the hoverfly abundance and their potential biocontrol services in cotton planting systems.
In 2016 and 2017, the population dynamics of hoverflies in non-crop habitats(including 13 plant species from 9 families) surrounding cotton fields were monitored using a sweeping method in northern Xinjiang. The population densities of hoverflies varied greatly on different plants. However, the populations usually peaked during the flowering periods of the plants and co-occurred in a follow-up pattern with aphid population dynamics. The preferred plant species of hoverflies varied with season. From May to June, high hoverfly densities were found on Sisymbrium loeselii and Apocynum venetum. In July and August, the densities were high on Suaeda glauca, Cannabis sativa and Acroptilon repens. While in September, hoverflies shifted to other plants such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis, A. repens and A. venetum. The results are significant for utilizing non-crop habitats to enhance the hoverfly abundance and their potential biocontrol services in cotton planting systems.
引文
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[23]孙玉凤,吴孔明,张永军,等.一类黑带食蚜蝇与大灰食蚜蝇引诱剂.CN103355293A[P].2013.
[2]Thies C,Steffan-Dewenter I,Tscharntke T.Effects of landscape context on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales[J].Oikos,2003,101(1):18-25.
[3]Thies C,Roschewitz I,Tscharntke T.The landscape context of cereal aphid-parasitoid interactions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences,2005,272(1559):203-210.
[4]Garratt M P D,Wright D J,Leather S R.The effects of organic and conventional fertilizers on cereal aphids and their natural enemies[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2010,12(3):307-318.
[5]Tscharntke T,Bommarco R,Clough Y,et al.Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale[J].Biological Control,2008,45(2):238-253.
[6]张古忍,古德祥.稻田捕食性节肢动物群落的种库与群落的重建[J].中国生物防治学报,1997,13(2):65-68.
[7]霍科科,郑哲民,张宏杰.中国食蚜蝇科(Syrphidae)的研究进展[J].陕西理工学院学报(社会科学版),2002(3):70-75.
[8]兰鑫,罗辑,成新跃.东北大豆生态区捕食性食蚜蝇种类及其对大豆蚜的控害效应分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1625-1630.
[9]孙兴全,何继龙.利用食蚜蝇幼虫防治蔬菜及菊花上蚜虫的初步试验[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),1992,10(1):96-98.
[10]高峻峰,姜连峰,张广信,等.四条小食蚜蝇控制蚜虫作用及生物学特性观察[J].吉林农业科学,1996(2):60-61.
[11]霍科科.秦巴山区蚜蝇区系分类[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[12]郑庆伟.美国利用植物花吸引食蚜蝇控制蚜虫取得新进展[J].农药市场信息,2013(17):34.
[13]杨静,龙海,孙会,等.北疆棉区食蚜蝇种类及其生境选择特性[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(5):593-597.
[14]SAS Institute.SAS/STAT?9.3 User’s Guide[M].Cary,North Carolina:SAS Institute Inc,2011.
[15]R Development Core Team.Version 3.4.3[M].Vienna:R Foundation for Statistical Computing,http://www.R-project.org,2017.
[16]贾秀丽,李峰,李红泽.麦田食蚜蝇资源、种群动态及保护利用[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(6):616-619.
[17]Vosteen I,Gershenzon J,Kunert G.Hoverfly preference for high honeydew amounts creates enemy-free space for aphids colonizing novel host plants[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2016,85(5):1286-1297.
[18]Budenberg W J,Powell W.The role or honeydew as an ovipositional stimulant for two species of syrphids[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1992,64(1):57-61.
[19]李全平,伍震云,李学燕,等.4种植物对大灰食蚜蝇生长发育及行为的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2006,21(5):596-599.
[20]韩宝瑜,周成松.茶梢和茶花主要挥发物对门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉引诱效应[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):623-626.
[21]Kan E.Assessment of aphid colonies by hoverflies.I.Maple aphids and Episyrphus balteatus(de Geer)(Diptera:Syrphidae)[J].Journal of Ethology,1988,6(1):39-48.
[22]Grosskopf G,Smith L A,Syrett P.Host range of Cheilosia urbana(Meigen)and Cheilosia psilophthalma(Becker)(Diptera:Syrphidae),candidates for the biological control of invasive alien hawkweeds(Hieracium spp.,Asteraceae)in New Zealand[J].Biological Control,2002,24(1):7-19.
[23]孙玉凤,吴孔明,张永军,等.一类黑带食蚜蝇与大灰食蚜蝇引诱剂.CN103355293A[P].2013.
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