剩余污泥处理处置过程中的流变学问题
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摘要
城市污水处理厂的广泛建设和运营导致剩余污泥产生量急剧增加并引发了新的环境问题,而如何妥善处理处置剩余污泥则成了国内外环保届普遍关注的问题。由于剩余污泥非牛顿流体的属性,流变行为在其处理处置的过程中起着重要影响作用,特别是在污泥脱水、化学调理、厌氧消化和管道输送等环节。文章通过从剩余污泥处理处置所涉及到的流变学问题出发,分析了剩余污泥流变行为在优化"厌氧消化、管道运输、分形结构、污泥脱水"等环节的指导性作用,总结归纳了当前相关方面研究存在的问题,并提出进一步关注的研究方向。
As a result of the extensive construction and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant, the amount of excess sludge has increased significantly and caused new environmental problems. How to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge therefore has become an environmental issue with global concern. As a non-Newtonian fluid, the rheological behavior of excess sludge plays an important role in the process of its treatment and disposal, such as mechanical dewatering, chemical conditioning, anaerobic digestion, and fluid transportation. Based on the rheological behavior involving in the treatment and disposal of sludge, this paper provided systematic and detailed analyses on the rheological behavior of excess sludge for the purpose of optimizing the related processes, particularly anaerobic digestion, pipeline transport, fractal structure, dehydration. At last, the current problems of research on the related aspects were summarized, and suggestions for the future research were also proposed.
As a result of the extensive construction and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant, the amount of excess sludge has increased significantly and caused new environmental problems. How to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge therefore has become an environmental issue with global concern. As a non-Newtonian fluid, the rheological behavior of excess sludge plays an important role in the process of its treatment and disposal, such as mechanical dewatering, chemical conditioning, anaerobic digestion, and fluid transportation. Based on the rheological behavior involving in the treatment and disposal of sludge, this paper provided systematic and detailed analyses on the rheological behavior of excess sludge for the purpose of optimizing the related processes, particularly anaerobic digestion, pipeline transport, fractal structure, dehydration. At last, the current problems of research on the related aspects were summarized, and suggestions for the future research were also proposed.
引文
[1]Jiang J,Wu J,Poncin S,et al.Rheological characteristics of highly concentrated anaerobic digested sludge[J].Bioresource Engineering Journal,2014,86(10):57-61.
[2]Duan N,Dong B,Wu B,et al.High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions:feasibility study[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,104(1):150-156.
[3]Abe N,Tang Y Q,Iwamura M,et al.Development of an efficient process for the treatment of residual sludge discharged from ananaerobic digester in a sewage treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):7641-7644.
[4]Cheng C J,Hong P K A,Lin C F.Improved solubilization of activated sludge by ozonation in pressure cycles[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(6):637-643.
[5]Sanin F D,Vesilind P A.Rheology of wastewater sludge-a review[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2005,2:71-78.
[6]Ormeci B.Rheology as a tool for measurement of sludge shear[J].Water Science and Technology,2008,58(7):1379-1384.
[7]Garakani A H K,Mostoufi N,Sadeghi F,et al.Comparison between different models for rheological characterization of activated sludge[J].Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences&Engineering,2011,8(3):255-264.
[8]Guibaud G,Dollet P,Tixier N,et al.Characterization of the evolution of activated sludges using rheological measurements[J].Process Biochemistry,2004(39):1803-1810.
[9]曹秀芹,王鑫,蒋竹荷,等.高含固污泥在热水解-厌氧消化工艺中的流变特性分析[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2493-2498.Cao Xiuqin,Wang Xin,Jiang Zhuhe,et al.Rheological characteristics of sludge in high-solids thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):2493-2498.
[10]戴晓虎,盖鑫,董滨.高含固厌氧消化污泥流变特性[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(9):3912-3918.Dai Xiaohu,Ge Xin,Dong Bin.Rheological characteristics of sludge in high-solids anaerobic digestion[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(9):3912-3918.
[11]Garakani A H K,Mostoufi N,Sadeghi F,et al.Comparison between different models for rheological characterization of activated sludge[J].Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences&Engineering,2011,8(3):255-264.
[12]Dentel S K,Abu-Orf M M,Walker C A.Optimization of slurry flocculation and dewatering based on electrokinetic and rheological phenomena[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2000,80(1/2/3):65-72.
[13]Saffarian M R,Hamedi Mohammad Hossein,Shams M.Numerical simulation of a secondary clarifier in a sewage treatment plant using modified Bingham model[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2011,38(1):11-22.
[14]张晓斌,冯民权,孙西欢,等.温度和浓度对污泥流变特性的影响[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2014(2):142-149.Zhang Xiaobin,Feng Minquan,Sun Xihuan,et al.Influence of temperature and concentration on rheological properties of sludge[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014(2):142-149.
[15]Stickland A D,Buscall R.Whither compressional rheology[J].J Non-Newton Fluid,2009,157:151-157.
[16]Tang B,Zhang Z.Essence of disposing the excess sludge and optimizing the operation of wastewater treatment:rheological behaviour and microbial ecosystem[J].Chemosphere,2014,105(4):1-13.
[17]Hou C H,Li K C.Assessment of sludge dewaterability using rheological properties[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2003,26(2):221-226.
[18]Ormeci B,Abu-Orf M.Using torque rheology for the identification of the optimum polymer dose and the best performing polymer[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2006,3:227-232.
[19]Abu-Orf M M,Dentel S K.Effect of mixing on the rheological characteristics of conditioned sludge:full-scale studies[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(11):51-60.
[20]呼庆,雷西萍,范海宏,等.分散剂对脱水污泥流动性能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(7):6-64.Hu Qing,Lei Xiping,Fan Haihong,et al.Influence of dispersant on rheological properties of dewatered sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(7):6-64.
[21]Dentel S K,Dursun D.Shear sensitivity of digested sludge:comparison of methods and application in conditioning and dewatering[J].Water Research,2009,43:4617-4625.
[22]Klinksieg K,Moshage U,Dichtl N.Rheology and dewater ability of municipal sewage sludge[J].Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,2007,14(1):160.
[23]Wolny L,Wolski P,Zawieja L.Rheological parameters of dewatered sewage sludge after conditioning[J].Desalination,2007,222(1/2/3):382-387.
[24]Marinetti M,Dentel S K,Malpei F.Assessment of rheological methods for a correlation to sludge filterability[J].Water Research,2010,44(18):5398-5406.
[25]Ruffino B,Campo G,Genon G,et al.Improvement of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge in a wastewater treatment plant by means of mechanical and thermal pre-treatments:performance,energy and economical assessment[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,175:298-308.
[26]王彦祥.餐厨垃圾厌氧消化污泥的流变性质研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Wang Yanxiang.Study on Rheological Properties of Anaerobic Digestion Sludge of Food Wastes[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[27]王远.污泥厌氧消化流变特性变化规律的研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2015.Wang Yuan.Research on the Rheological Characterization and Variation Regulation of the Anaerobic Digested Sludge[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2015.
[28]Dai X,Duan N,Dong B,et al.High-solids anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in comparison with mono digestions:stability and performance[J].Waste Management,2013,33(2):308-316.
[29]Baudez J C,Slatter P,Eshtiaghi N.The impact of temperature on the rheological behavior of anaerobic digested sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,215/216(15):182-187.
[30]Pevere A,Guibaud G,Goin E,et al.Effects of physicochemical factors on the viscosity evolution of anaerobic granular sludge[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2009,43(3):231-238.
[31]丁仕强.氧化塘污泥流变特性的研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2010(4):18-19.Ding Shiqiang.Research on oxidation pond sludge rheological properties[J].China New Technologies and Products,2010(4):18-19.
[32]Battistoni P.Pre-treatment,measurement execution procedure and waste characteristics in the rheology of sewage sludges and the digested organic fraction of municipal solidwastes[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(11):33-41.
[33]董玉婧,王毅力.给水厂浓缩污泥的稳态流变特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):678-682.Dong Yujin,Wang Yili.Steady rheological characteristics of the concentrated water treatment residuals[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(3):678-682.
[34]Metcalf and Eddy Inc.Wastewater Engineering:Treatment Disposal,and Reuse[M].third ed.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[35]Rosenberger S,Kubin K,Kraume M.Rheology of activated sludge in membrane bioreactors[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2002,2(9):269-275.
[36]吴淼,赵学义,潘越.城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(2):260-265.Wu Miao,Zhao Xueyi,Pan Yue.Research on characteristics of municipal sewage sludge and its pipeline transportation technology[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(2):260-265.
[37]陆海,尹军,袁一星,等.污泥管道输送沿程阻力影响因素分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(6):29-32.Lu Hai,Yin Jun,Yuan Yixing,et al.Influencing factors of on-way resistance in sludge transportation pipelines[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2013,45(6):29-32.
[38]黄河洵,陈汉平,蔡兴飞.市政污泥流变特性及圆管流数值模拟研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4642-4648.Huang Hexun,Chen Hanping,Cai Xingfei.Rheologic properties of municipal sludge and a numerical simulation of pipe flow[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(12):4642-4648.
[39]刘弦.城市污水处理厂污泥管道输送阻力特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.Liu Xian.The Research of the Resistance Characteristics about Pipeline Transportation for Sludge in City's Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2007.
[40]Dursun D.Gel-like Behavior of Biosolids in Conditioning and Dewatering Process[D].Delaware:University of Delaware,2007.
[41]Dong Y J,Wang Y L,Feng J.Rheological and fractal characteristics of unconditioned and conditioned water treatment residuals[J].Water Research,2011,13(45):3871-3882.
[42]Wang Y L,Dieude-Fauvel E,Dentel S K.Physical characteristics of conditioned anaerobic digested sludge-a fractal,transient and dynamic rheological viewpoint[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(8):1-9.
[43]Shih W H,Shih W Y,Kim S I,et al.Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal[J].Physical Review A,1990,42:4772-4779.
[44]Vreeker R,Hoekstra L L,Den Boer D C,et al.The fractal nature of fat crystal networks[J].Colloids and Surfaces,1992,65:185-189.
[45]Mu Y,Yu H Q.Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2006,40:3596-3602.
[46]苗兆静.污泥调理中调质条件对污泥脱水性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.Miao Zhaojing.Influence of the Operating Conditions on Sludge Dewaterability in Sludge Chemical Conditioning[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2005.
[47]Wolny L,Wolski P,Zawieja I.Rheological parameters of dewatered sewage sludge after conditioning[J].Desalination,2008,222(S1/2/3):382-387.
[48]Mu Y,Yu H Q.Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2006,40(19):3596-3602.
[49]孙晓.高含固率污泥厌氧消化系统的启动方案与实验[J].净水技术,2012,31(3):78-82.Sun Xiao.Experiment and start-up solution of anaerobic digestion system for high-solid content sludge[J].Water Purification Technology,2012,31(3):78-82.
[2]Duan N,Dong B,Wu B,et al.High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions:feasibility study[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,104(1):150-156.
[3]Abe N,Tang Y Q,Iwamura M,et al.Development of an efficient process for the treatment of residual sludge discharged from ananaerobic digester in a sewage treatment plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):7641-7644.
[4]Cheng C J,Hong P K A,Lin C F.Improved solubilization of activated sludge by ozonation in pressure cycles[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(6):637-643.
[5]Sanin F D,Vesilind P A.Rheology of wastewater sludge-a review[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2005,2:71-78.
[6]Ormeci B.Rheology as a tool for measurement of sludge shear[J].Water Science and Technology,2008,58(7):1379-1384.
[7]Garakani A H K,Mostoufi N,Sadeghi F,et al.Comparison between different models for rheological characterization of activated sludge[J].Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences&Engineering,2011,8(3):255-264.
[8]Guibaud G,Dollet P,Tixier N,et al.Characterization of the evolution of activated sludges using rheological measurements[J].Process Biochemistry,2004(39):1803-1810.
[9]曹秀芹,王鑫,蒋竹荷,等.高含固污泥在热水解-厌氧消化工艺中的流变特性分析[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2493-2498.Cao Xiuqin,Wang Xin,Jiang Zhuhe,et al.Rheological characteristics of sludge in high-solids thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):2493-2498.
[10]戴晓虎,盖鑫,董滨.高含固厌氧消化污泥流变特性[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(9):3912-3918.Dai Xiaohu,Ge Xin,Dong Bin.Rheological characteristics of sludge in high-solids anaerobic digestion[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(9):3912-3918.
[11]Garakani A H K,Mostoufi N,Sadeghi F,et al.Comparison between different models for rheological characterization of activated sludge[J].Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences&Engineering,2011,8(3):255-264.
[12]Dentel S K,Abu-Orf M M,Walker C A.Optimization of slurry flocculation and dewatering based on electrokinetic and rheological phenomena[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2000,80(1/2/3):65-72.
[13]Saffarian M R,Hamedi Mohammad Hossein,Shams M.Numerical simulation of a secondary clarifier in a sewage treatment plant using modified Bingham model[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2011,38(1):11-22.
[14]张晓斌,冯民权,孙西欢,等.温度和浓度对污泥流变特性的影响[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2014(2):142-149.Zhang Xiaobin,Feng Minquan,Sun Xihuan,et al.Influence of temperature and concentration on rheological properties of sludge[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014(2):142-149.
[15]Stickland A D,Buscall R.Whither compressional rheology[J].J Non-Newton Fluid,2009,157:151-157.
[16]Tang B,Zhang Z.Essence of disposing the excess sludge and optimizing the operation of wastewater treatment:rheological behaviour and microbial ecosystem[J].Chemosphere,2014,105(4):1-13.
[17]Hou C H,Li K C.Assessment of sludge dewaterability using rheological properties[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2003,26(2):221-226.
[18]Ormeci B,Abu-Orf M.Using torque rheology for the identification of the optimum polymer dose and the best performing polymer[J].Journal of Residuals Science&Technology,2006,3:227-232.
[19]Abu-Orf M M,Dentel S K.Effect of mixing on the rheological characteristics of conditioned sludge:full-scale studies[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(11):51-60.
[20]呼庆,雷西萍,范海宏,等.分散剂对脱水污泥流动性能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(7):6-64.Hu Qing,Lei Xiping,Fan Haihong,et al.Influence of dispersant on rheological properties of dewatered sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(7):6-64.
[21]Dentel S K,Dursun D.Shear sensitivity of digested sludge:comparison of methods and application in conditioning and dewatering[J].Water Research,2009,43:4617-4625.
[22]Klinksieg K,Moshage U,Dichtl N.Rheology and dewater ability of municipal sewage sludge[J].Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,2007,14(1):160.
[23]Wolny L,Wolski P,Zawieja L.Rheological parameters of dewatered sewage sludge after conditioning[J].Desalination,2007,222(1/2/3):382-387.
[24]Marinetti M,Dentel S K,Malpei F.Assessment of rheological methods for a correlation to sludge filterability[J].Water Research,2010,44(18):5398-5406.
[25]Ruffino B,Campo G,Genon G,et al.Improvement of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge in a wastewater treatment plant by means of mechanical and thermal pre-treatments:performance,energy and economical assessment[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,175:298-308.
[26]王彦祥.餐厨垃圾厌氧消化污泥的流变性质研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Wang Yanxiang.Study on Rheological Properties of Anaerobic Digestion Sludge of Food Wastes[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[27]王远.污泥厌氧消化流变特性变化规律的研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2015.Wang Yuan.Research on the Rheological Characterization and Variation Regulation of the Anaerobic Digested Sludge[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2015.
[28]Dai X,Duan N,Dong B,et al.High-solids anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in comparison with mono digestions:stability and performance[J].Waste Management,2013,33(2):308-316.
[29]Baudez J C,Slatter P,Eshtiaghi N.The impact of temperature on the rheological behavior of anaerobic digested sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,215/216(15):182-187.
[30]Pevere A,Guibaud G,Goin E,et al.Effects of physicochemical factors on the viscosity evolution of anaerobic granular sludge[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2009,43(3):231-238.
[31]丁仕强.氧化塘污泥流变特性的研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2010(4):18-19.Ding Shiqiang.Research on oxidation pond sludge rheological properties[J].China New Technologies and Products,2010(4):18-19.
[32]Battistoni P.Pre-treatment,measurement execution procedure and waste characteristics in the rheology of sewage sludges and the digested organic fraction of municipal solidwastes[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(11):33-41.
[33]董玉婧,王毅力.给水厂浓缩污泥的稳态流变特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):678-682.Dong Yujin,Wang Yili.Steady rheological characteristics of the concentrated water treatment residuals[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(3):678-682.
[34]Metcalf and Eddy Inc.Wastewater Engineering:Treatment Disposal,and Reuse[M].third ed.New York:McGraw-Hill,1991.
[35]Rosenberger S,Kubin K,Kraume M.Rheology of activated sludge in membrane bioreactors[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2002,2(9):269-275.
[36]吴淼,赵学义,潘越.城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(2):260-265.Wu Miao,Zhao Xueyi,Pan Yue.Research on characteristics of municipal sewage sludge and its pipeline transportation technology[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(2):260-265.
[37]陆海,尹军,袁一星,等.污泥管道输送沿程阻力影响因素分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2013,45(6):29-32.Lu Hai,Yin Jun,Yuan Yixing,et al.Influencing factors of on-way resistance in sludge transportation pipelines[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2013,45(6):29-32.
[38]黄河洵,陈汉平,蔡兴飞.市政污泥流变特性及圆管流数值模拟研究[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4642-4648.Huang Hexun,Chen Hanping,Cai Xingfei.Rheologic properties of municipal sludge and a numerical simulation of pipe flow[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(12):4642-4648.
[39]刘弦.城市污水处理厂污泥管道输送阻力特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.Liu Xian.The Research of the Resistance Characteristics about Pipeline Transportation for Sludge in City's Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2007.
[40]Dursun D.Gel-like Behavior of Biosolids in Conditioning and Dewatering Process[D].Delaware:University of Delaware,2007.
[41]Dong Y J,Wang Y L,Feng J.Rheological and fractal characteristics of unconditioned and conditioned water treatment residuals[J].Water Research,2011,13(45):3871-3882.
[42]Wang Y L,Dieude-Fauvel E,Dentel S K.Physical characteristics of conditioned anaerobic digested sludge-a fractal,transient and dynamic rheological viewpoint[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(8):1-9.
[43]Shih W H,Shih W Y,Kim S I,et al.Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal[J].Physical Review A,1990,42:4772-4779.
[44]Vreeker R,Hoekstra L L,Den Boer D C,et al.The fractal nature of fat crystal networks[J].Colloids and Surfaces,1992,65:185-189.
[45]Mu Y,Yu H Q.Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2006,40:3596-3602.
[46]苗兆静.污泥调理中调质条件对污泥脱水性能的影响[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.Miao Zhaojing.Influence of the Operating Conditions on Sludge Dewaterability in Sludge Chemical Conditioning[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2005.
[47]Wolny L,Wolski P,Zawieja I.Rheological parameters of dewatered sewage sludge after conditioning[J].Desalination,2008,222(S1/2/3):382-387.
[48]Mu Y,Yu H Q.Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor[J].Water Research,2006,40(19):3596-3602.
[49]孙晓.高含固率污泥厌氧消化系统的启动方案与实验[J].净水技术,2012,31(3):78-82.Sun Xiao.Experiment and start-up solution of anaerobic digestion system for high-solid content sludge[J].Water Purification Technology,2012,31(3):78-82.
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