~(137)Cs对三角褐指藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响
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摘要
滨海核电站排放的低放射性污染物对海洋浮游生物及其生态系统的辐射影响日益受到人们关注。为探讨人工放射性核素对海洋浮游藻类的辐射效应机制,研究了放射性~(137)Cs暴露下电离辐射对海洋浮游藻类三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的形态、生长速率以及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,三角褐指藻在放射性为1 000 Bq/dm~3比活度的~(137)Cs处理组、CsCl对照组和空白组的比生长速率均值分别为0. 600/d、0. 600/d和0. 610/d,组间差异不显著(p> 0. 05)。在叶绿素荧光特征的影响方面,随培养时间的延长~(137)Cs暴露下的三角褐指藻F_o、F_m呈上升趋势; F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、NPQ呈先上升后趋于稳定的趋势,其稳定范围分别为0. 5～0. 6、1. 0～1. 4和0. 7～1. 1; Q_p呈现先下降后稳定的趋势,其稳定范围为0. 5～0. 6。通过差异显著性比较分析处理组和对照组、空白组的比生长速率和叶绿素荧光特性参数无显著性差异。研究结果可为海洋放射性污染的预防和治理提供理论依据和实际参考。
Radiation effects of low-level radioactive pollutants from coastal nuclear power plants on phytoplankton and its ecosystems have attracted a growing and widely concern. In order to investigate the radiation effects of artificial radionuclides on marine planktonic algae,the morphology,growth rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were studied under exposure of ~(137)Cs radiation. The results showed that the average growth rate of P. tricornutum in the ~(137)Cs treatment group with radioactivity of 1 000 Bq/dm~3,CsCl control group and blank group were 0. 600/d,0. 600/d and 0. 610/d,respectively. Compared with the stable isotope control group and blank group with CsCl added,the difference among the groups was not significant( p > 0. 05). The values of F_o and F_m increased with the culture time under ~(137)Cs exposure. The ratios of F_v/F_m,F_v/F_o and NPQ tended to be stable after rising,and their stability ranges were 0. 5 ～ 0. 6,1. 0 ～ 1. 4 and 0. 7 ～ 1. 1,respectively;Q_p trended to decrease until it stabilized in range of 0. 5 ～ 0. 6. There was no significant difference in growth rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics between the treatment group and the control group. The research results could provide a theoretical basis and practice references for the prevention and governance of marine radioactive pollution.
Radiation effects of low-level radioactive pollutants from coastal nuclear power plants on phytoplankton and its ecosystems have attracted a growing and widely concern. In order to investigate the radiation effects of artificial radionuclides on marine planktonic algae,the morphology,growth rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were studied under exposure of ~(137)Cs radiation. The results showed that the average growth rate of P. tricornutum in the ~(137)Cs treatment group with radioactivity of 1 000 Bq/dm~3,CsCl control group and blank group were 0. 600/d,0. 600/d and 0. 610/d,respectively. Compared with the stable isotope control group and blank group with CsCl added,the difference among the groups was not significant( p > 0. 05). The values of F_o and F_m increased with the culture time under ~(137)Cs exposure. The ratios of F_v/F_m,F_v/F_o and NPQ tended to be stable after rising,and their stability ranges were 0. 5 ～ 0. 6,1. 0 ～ 1. 4 and 0. 7 ～ 1. 1,respectively;Q_p trended to decrease until it stabilized in range of 0. 5 ～ 0. 6. There was no significant difference in growth rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics between the treatment group and the control group. The research results could provide a theoretical basis and practice references for the prevention and governance of marine radioactive pollution.
引文
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[21]姜恒,吴斌,阎冰,等.微藻叶绿素荧光技术在环境监测中的应用[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(2):172-178.
[22]简建波,邹定辉,刘文华,等.三角褐指藻对铜离子长期暴露的生理响应[J].海洋通报,2010,29(1):65-71.
[23]冯建灿,胡秀丽,毛训甲.叶绿素荧光动力学在研究植物逆境生理中的应用[J].经济林研究,2002,20(4):14-18.
[24]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[25]梁英,尹翠玲,江新琴,等.硅浓度对纤细角毛藻和三角褐指藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(5):89-94.
[26] LUCKEY T D. Radiation hormesis:the good,the bad,and the ugly[J]. Dose Response,2006,4(3):169-190.
[2] LEVERING J,DUPONT C L,ALLEN A E,et al. Integrated regulatory and metabolic networks of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum predict the response to rising CO2levels[J]. m Systems,2017,2(1):e00142-16.
[3]梁英,陈书秀,田传远,等.温度对三角褐指藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(3):377-383.
[4]梁英,王帅,冯力霞,等.重金属胁迫对三角褐指藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2009,28(4):374-382.
[5]叶素芬,张珞平,陈伟琪.海洋放射性污染生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2016,11(6):1-11.
[6]卢靖,王颖松,蒋育澄,等.金属铯的生物化学研究进展[J].稀有金属,2006,30(5):682-687.
[7]郑钧正.联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会及其报告书概览[J].辐射防护通讯,2011,31(6):32-38.
[8]周永增.非人类物种的辐射生物效应及其评价[J].辐射防护通讯,2004,24(4):1-9.
[9] DONG H J,MIN H J,JEONG S K,et al. Effect of continuous exposure to low-dose-rate gamma irradiation on cell growth and lipid accumulation of marine microalgae[J]. Aquaculture International,2017,25(2):1-13.
[10] ESNAULT M,LEGUE F,CHENAL C. Ionizing radiation:Advances in plant response[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2010,68(3):231-237.
[11]陈英,蔡福龙,邱曼华,等.65Zn在人工海洋小生境中的行为[J].海洋学报,1987,9(3):360-366.
[12]吕维琴,蔡福龙.110mAg在几种海洋生物体内的行为[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(1):26-31.
[13]蔡福龙,陈英,许丕安.137Cs、134Cs在人工海洋小生境中的行为[J].应用生态学报,1991,42(3):249-257.
[14]汪萍,吴浩,刘新华.核电厂放射性液态流出物排放浓度限值的优化[J].核安全,2007,4(4):35-38.
[15] GUILLARD R. Studies on marine planktonic diatoms,I:Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacae(Cleve)Gran[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1962,8(2):229-239.
[16] FRANGPULOS M,GUISANDE C,DEBLAS E,et al. Toxin production and competitive abilities under phosphorus limitation of Alexandrium species[J]. Harmful Algae,2004,3(2):131-139.
[17] LU H M,LIAO X J,YANG Y F. Effects of extracts from Gracilaria lemaneiform on microalgae[J]. Ecological Science,2008,27(5):424-426.
[18]蔡福龙.海洋放射生态学[M].北京:原子能出版社,1998.
[19]赵佩佩.三角褐指藻对不同环境因子的响应机制与途径[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2015.
[20]梁英,冯力霞,尹翠玲,等.叶绿素荧光技术在微藻环境胁迫研究中的应用现状及前景[J].海洋科学,2007,31(1):71-76.
[21]姜恒,吴斌,阎冰,等.微藻叶绿素荧光技术在环境监测中的应用[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(2):172-178.
[22]简建波,邹定辉,刘文华,等.三角褐指藻对铜离子长期暴露的生理响应[J].海洋通报,2010,29(1):65-71.
[23]冯建灿,胡秀丽,毛训甲.叶绿素荧光动力学在研究植物逆境生理中的应用[J].经济林研究,2002,20(4):14-18.
[24]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[25]梁英,尹翠玲,江新琴,等.硅浓度对纤细角毛藻和三角褐指藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(5):89-94.
[26] LUCKEY T D. Radiation hormesis:the good,the bad,and the ugly[J]. Dose Response,2006,4(3):169-190.
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