微生物胶凝材料固结垃圾焚烧飞灰效果及机制
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摘要
针对当前利用普通硅酸盐水泥固结垃圾焚烧飞灰存在能耗大、环境污染严重等问题,采用微生物胶凝材料固结飞灰,研究其对飞灰的固结效果,并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和原子吸收光谱等测试技术分析其固结飞灰的机制。研究结果表明,不同的拌合介质(水、上清液、微生物溶液、化学碳酸钙、微生物胶凝材料、微生物胶凝材料和上清液、微生物胶凝材料和微生物溶液)均能将松散的飞灰颗粒固结为一个整体,但其中以微生物胶凝材料和上清液为介质拌制的飞灰固结体强度和重金属离子固化效果最优(Pb离子和Cd离子的固结率分别为33%和32%)。微生物胶凝材料具有双重固结飞灰的作用,一方面它与其他介质固结飞灰相同,均是在固结体内部形成了水化产物Ca_2SiO_4·0. 30H_2O;另一方面,微生物胶凝材料中的有机基质能分别与飞灰和方解石中Si-O键、C-O键的O原子作用形成大量的分子间氢键。
Using ordinary Portland cement to consolidate the municipal solid waste incineration( MSWI) fly ash brings about the problems of large energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Aiming at relieving this problem,microbial cementing material was employed to consolidate the MSWI fly ash,and its consolidation effect was investigated. Furthermore,the consolidation mechanism of MSWI fly ash by microbial cementing material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscope and atomic absorption spectroscope. Research results demonstrated that the consolidation of loose MSWI fly ash particles as a whole could be achieved by various mixing media,including water,supernatant,bacterial fluid,chemical Ca CO3,microbial gelling material,microbial cementing material and supernatant fluid,microbial cementing material and bacterial fluid.While,microbial cementing material and supernatant fluid exhibited superior consolidation strength and consolidation effect of heavy metal ions of MSWI fly ash among those mixing media,presenting 33% and 32% consolidation rate for Pb and Cd,respectively. Regarding to the mechanism,there were dual effects of microbial cementing material in consolidation of MSWI fly ash. Specifically speaking,one action was the generation of the hydrated product( Ca2 Si O4· 0. 30 H2 O) which was the same with other consolidation products,another action was the formation of a large number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds resulted from the interaction between the organic matrix in the microbial cementing materialand the O atom of Si-O bonds and C-O bonds in MSWI fly ash and calcite respectively.
Using ordinary Portland cement to consolidate the municipal solid waste incineration( MSWI) fly ash brings about the problems of large energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Aiming at relieving this problem,microbial cementing material was employed to consolidate the MSWI fly ash,and its consolidation effect was investigated. Furthermore,the consolidation mechanism of MSWI fly ash by microbial cementing material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscope and atomic absorption spectroscope. Research results demonstrated that the consolidation of loose MSWI fly ash particles as a whole could be achieved by various mixing media,including water,supernatant,bacterial fluid,chemical Ca CO3,microbial gelling material,microbial cementing material and supernatant fluid,microbial cementing material and bacterial fluid.While,microbial cementing material and supernatant fluid exhibited superior consolidation strength and consolidation effect of heavy metal ions of MSWI fly ash among those mixing media,presenting 33% and 32% consolidation rate for Pb and Cd,respectively. Regarding to the mechanism,there were dual effects of microbial cementing material in consolidation of MSWI fly ash. Specifically speaking,one action was the generation of the hydrated product( Ca2 Si O4· 0. 30 H2 O) which was the same with other consolidation products,another action was the formation of a large number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds resulted from the interaction between the organic matrix in the microbial cementing materialand the O atom of Si-O bonds and C-O bonds in MSWI fly ash and calcite respectively.
引文
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8 Shen J Y. Experiments and applications of bio-geo materials. Master’s Thesis,Tsinghua University,China,2009(in Chinese).沈吉云.微生物成因土工材料实验及应用研究.硕士学位论文,清华大学,2009.
9 Soon N W,Lee L M,Khun T G,et al. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2013,17(4),718.
10 Rong H. Preparation and binding mechanism of microbe cement. Ph. D.Thesis,Southeast University,China,2014(in Chinese).荣辉.微生物水泥的研制及其胶结机理.博士学位论文,东南大学,2014.
11 Rong H,Qian C X,Li Z L. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2013,41(3),314(in Chinese).荣辉,钱春香,李龙志.硅酸盐学报,2013,41(3),314.
12 Miller A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,1984,304,455.
13 Mana S. Biomineralization:Principles and concepts in bioinorganic materials chemistry,Oxford University Press,UK,2001.
14 Willem D M,Nele D B,Willy V. Ecological Engineering,2010,36,118.
2 Genaral Adminstration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Repbulic of China. Standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste,China Environmental Science Press,China,2008(in Chinese).国家质量监督检疫总局.生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准,中国环境科学出版社,2008.
3 Zhou J G,Zhang S G,Li P,et al. Journal of Tianjin Chengjian University,2015,21(2),109(in Chinese).周建国,张曙光,李萍,等.天津建大学学报,2015,21(2),109.
4 Zhou H. Study on solidification efficiency of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by alkali-activated slag cement. Master’s Thesis,Chongqing University,China,2013(in Chinese).周欢.碱矿渣水泥固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰效率研究.硕士学位论文,重庆大学,2013.
5 Li J S,Xue Q,Hu Z Y,et al. Geotechnical Mechanics,2013,34(3),751 (in Chinese).李江山,薛强,胡竹云,等.岩土力学,2013,34(3),751.
6 Tuo C J. Study on dynamic leaching of heavy metals in cement solidified body of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Master’s Thesis,Southwest Jiaotong University,China,2018(in Chinese).骆成杰.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体重金属动态浸出规律研究.硕士学位论文,西南交通大学,2018.
7 Shao Y. Immobilization mechanisms of solidified municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using blast furnace slag based cementitious material. Ph.D. Thesis,Wuhan University,China,2014(in Chinese).邵雁.矿渣基胶凝材料固化稳定化垃圾焚烧飞灰机理研究.博士学位论文,武汉大学,2014.
8 Shen J Y. Experiments and applications of bio-geo materials. Master’s Thesis,Tsinghua University,China,2009(in Chinese).沈吉云.微生物成因土工材料实验及应用研究.硕士学位论文,清华大学,2009.
9 Soon N W,Lee L M,Khun T G,et al. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,2013,17(4),718.
10 Rong H. Preparation and binding mechanism of microbe cement. Ph. D.Thesis,Southeast University,China,2014(in Chinese).荣辉.微生物水泥的研制及其胶结机理.博士学位论文,东南大学,2014.
11 Rong H,Qian C X,Li Z L. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2013,41(3),314(in Chinese).荣辉,钱春香,李龙志.硅酸盐学报,2013,41(3),314.
12 Miller A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B,1984,304,455.
13 Mana S. Biomineralization:Principles and concepts in bioinorganic materials chemistry,Oxford University Press,UK,2001.
14 Willem D M,Nele D B,Willy V. Ecological Engineering,2010,36,118.
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