HN-AD菌强化3D-RBC处理养猪废水及微生物特性研究
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摘要
针对现有养猪废水处理工艺中普遍存在的高氨氮(NH_4~+-N)生物毒性大、工艺流程长、运行成本高和脱氮效果差等问题,采用耐受性强的异养硝化-好氧反硝化(HN-AD)菌挂膜启动三维结构生物转盘(3D-RBC)预处理养猪废水,仅需15d就完成了3D-RBC反应器的快速挂膜.采用调节盘片线速度和C/N的方式,仅65d实现了HN-AD菌在反应器中的富集及养猪废水预处理工艺的启动.采用该工艺对实际养猪废水进行处理,结果表明,HN-AD菌剂挂膜的3D-RBC工艺耐受高氨氮性能强,原水中COD、NH_4~+-N、TN的去除率高达69.8%、87.9%和79.5%,污染物削减效果明显优于传统工艺.采用高通量测序技术研究了功能菌优势化构建过程中微生物群落结构的变化规律,结果表明,生物膜内具有HN-AD功能的优势菌由盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)逐渐变为丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)、嗜氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)等,且后者的相对丰度逐渐上升.扫描电子显微镜结果显示,生物膜以丝状菌为骨架,紧密附着在盘片上的生物膜层表面聚集了以杆状和球状为主的微生物,这与生物多样性分析得出的结论较一致.
Aiming at the problems of high ammonia nitrogen bio-toxicity, complex process, high cost and poor nitrogen removal in the currently available process for the treatment of raw swine wastewater from intensive livestock farms, a three-dimensional structure rotating biological contactor(3 D-RBC) using heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HN-AD) functional bacteria as the microbial inoculants, was proposed for the treatment of raw swine wastewater. The rapid biofilm culturing in the 3 D-RBC reactor was achieved in only 15 days by using HN-AD bacteria agent as the microbial inoculants. By controlling linear velocity of the rotating disc and changing the influent C/N, the enrichment of the dominant HN-AD bacteria in the reactor and the start-up of the pretreatment process were completed in 65 days. The raw swine wastewater was then treated by this process. Due to the strong tolerance of high ammonia nitrogen of the HN-AD bacteria, the removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N and TN was 69.8%, 87.9% and 79.5%, respectively, indicating significant reduction of the pollutants in the raw wastewater. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of microbial community structure during the superiority construction process of the functional bacteria. The results showed that, the dominant HN-AD bacteria within the biofilm gradually changed from Halomonas and Acinetobacter to Comamonas and Hydrogenophaga, and the relative abundance of which increases obviously. The SEM results further confirmed the enrichment of functional microorganisms, the biofilm uses Filamentous bacteria as the skeleton and the surface of the biofilm layer tightly attached to the filler was enriched in rod-like and globular bacteria, which was in consistent with the results of the biodiversity analysis.
Aiming at the problems of high ammonia nitrogen bio-toxicity, complex process, high cost and poor nitrogen removal in the currently available process for the treatment of raw swine wastewater from intensive livestock farms, a three-dimensional structure rotating biological contactor(3 D-RBC) using heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HN-AD) functional bacteria as the microbial inoculants, was proposed for the treatment of raw swine wastewater. The rapid biofilm culturing in the 3 D-RBC reactor was achieved in only 15 days by using HN-AD bacteria agent as the microbial inoculants. By controlling linear velocity of the rotating disc and changing the influent C/N, the enrichment of the dominant HN-AD bacteria in the reactor and the start-up of the pretreatment process were completed in 65 days. The raw swine wastewater was then treated by this process. Due to the strong tolerance of high ammonia nitrogen of the HN-AD bacteria, the removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N and TN was 69.8%, 87.9% and 79.5%, respectively, indicating significant reduction of the pollutants in the raw wastewater. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of microbial community structure during the superiority construction process of the functional bacteria. The results showed that, the dominant HN-AD bacteria within the biofilm gradually changed from Halomonas and Acinetobacter to Comamonas and Hydrogenophaga, and the relative abundance of which increases obviously. The SEM results further confirmed the enrichment of functional microorganisms, the biofilm uses Filamentous bacteria as the skeleton and the surface of the biofilm layer tightly attached to the filler was enriched in rod-like and globular bacteria, which was in consistent with the results of the biodiversity analysis.
引文
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[20]王顺成,刘幽燕,李青云,等.产碱杆菌DN25的氰降解代谢途径分析与产酶条件优化[J].化工学报, 2011,62(2):482-489.Wang S C, Liu Y Y, Li Q Y, et al. Analysis of cyanide-degrading metabolism and optimization of culture condition for cyanidedegrading enzyme production from Alcaligenes sp. DN25[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011,62(2):482-489.
[21]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.MBR系统CANON工艺的快速启动及微生物种群特征[J].中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2788-2795.Li D, He Y P, Zhang X J, et al. The fast start-up of CANON process in MBR system and the characterization of microbes[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2788-2795.
[22] Huang X F, Li W G, Zhang D Y, et al. Ammonium removal by a novel oligotrophic Acinetobacter sp. Y16 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification at low temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013,146(10):44-50.
[23]辛玉峰,曲晓华,袁梦冬,等.一株异养硝化-反硝化不动杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮活性[J].微生物学报, 2011,51(12):1646-1654.Xin Y F, Qu X H, Yuan M D, et al. Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying Acinetobacter sp.YF14 and its denitrification activity[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2011,51(12):1646-1654.
[24]王书永,钱飞跃,王建芳,等.有机物对亚硝化颗粒污泥中功能菌活性的影响[J].环境科学, 2017,38(1):269-275.Wang S Y, Qian F Y, Wang J F, et al. Impact of biodegradable organic matter on the functional microbe activities in partial nitrification granules[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(1):269-275.
[25] Cai H, He W, Yanan W, et al. Flavobacterium aurantiibacter sp. nov.,an orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2018,68(10):1839–1844.
[26] Guo Y, Zhou X, Li Y, et al. Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by a novel Halomonas campisalis[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2013,35(12):2045-2049.
[27]孙雪梅,李秋芬,张艳,等.一株海水异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌系统发育及脱氮特性[J].微生物学报, 2012,52(6):687-695.Sun X M, Li Q F, Zhang Y, et al. Phylogenetic analysis and nitrogen removal characteristics of a heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria strain from marine environment[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2012,52(6):687-695.
[28]肖继波,江惠霞,褚淑祎.不同氮源下好氧反硝化菌Defluvibacterlusatiensis str.DN7的脱氮特性[J].生态学报, 2012,32(20):6463-6470.Xiao J B, Jiang H X, Chu S W. Denitrification characteristics of an aerobic denitrifying bacterium Defluvibacterlusatiensis str. DN7 using different sources of nitrogen[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(20):6463-6470.
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[2]赵丽,王毅力.AMBR-MABR耦合工艺处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的启动和运行[J].环境工程学报, 2017,11(11):5799-5809.Zhao L, Wang Y L. Start-up and operation of anaerobic migrating blanket reactor-membrane biofilm bioreactor(AMBR-MABR)coupling process treating synthetic livestock wastewater[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2017,11(11):5799-5809.
[3] Meng J, Li J, Li J, et al. Enhanced nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater with high NH4+and low COD/TN ratio in a novel upflow microaerobic biofilm reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018,249:935-942.
[4] Zhao B W, Li J Z, Leu S Y. An innovative wood-chip-framework soil infiltrator for treating anaerobic digested swine wastewater and analysis of the microbial community[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,173:384-391.
[5]聂丽君,李德豪,何京东,等.ABR-MAP-MBR组合工艺处理高浓度养殖废水研究[J].化工学报, 2018,69(6):2722-2729.Nie L J, Li D H, He J D, et al. Treatment of high concentration piggery wastewater by ABR-MAP-MBR process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018,69(6):2722-2729.
[6]魏启航,王小龙,李龙伟,等.电絮凝-半短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺处理裂化催化剂废水[J].化工学报, 2015,66(11):4669-4675.Wei Q H, Wang X L, Li L W, et al. Treatment of cracking catalyst wastewater with electrocoagulation-partial nitritation-Anammox process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015,66(11):4669-4675.
[7] Wang J L, Chen G F, Liu F X, et al. Combined ozonation and aquatic macrophyte(Vallisnerianatans)treatment of piggery effluent:Water matrix and antioxidant responses[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2017,102:39-45.
[8] Meng J, Li J L, Li J Z, et al. Efficiency and bacterial populations related to pollutant removal in an upflow microaerobic sludge reactor treating manure-free piggery wastewater with low COD/TN ratio[J].Bioresource Technology, 2016,201:166.
[9]万金保,付煜,余郭龙.改良UASB—两级A/O—混凝工艺处理猪场沼液[J].工业水处理, 2017,37(12):94-97.Wan J B, Fu Y, Yu G L. Improved UASB-two stage A/O-coagulation process for the treatment of hogpen biogas slurry[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2017,37(12):94-97.
[10]林丽,念海明,杨建华,等.TDS三维结构生物转盘技术在乡镇生活污水处理中的调试运行优势[J].自动化与仪器仪表, 2016,(5):221-222+225.Lin L, Nian H M, Yang J H, et al. Advantages of TDS threedimensional structure of rotating biological contactor technology in debugging operation in township sewage treatment[J]. Automation and Instrumentation, 2016,(5):221-222+225.
[11]徐官安.三维结构生物转盘处理生活污水的试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2015.Xu G A. Treatment of domestic wastewater by ESROTAE[D]. Chong Qing:ChongQing University, 2015.
[12]《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1989.Editorial Board of Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods. Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1989.
[13]符波,廖潇逸,丁丽丽,等.环境扫描电镜对废水生物样品形态结构的表征研究[J].中国环境科学, 2010,30(1):93-98.Fu B, Liao X Y, Ding L L, et al. Application of ESEM in the visualization of microbial community of granule sludge and suspended carrier biofilm[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010,30(1):93-98.
[14]芮俊鹏,李吉进,李家宝,等.猪粪原料沼气工程系统中的原核微生物群落结构[J].化工学报, 2014,65(5):1868-1875.Rui J P, Li J J, Li J B, et al. Prokaryotic community structures in biogas plants with swine manure[J]. CIESC Journal, 2014,65(5):1868-1875.
[15]艾铄,赵天涛,张丽杰,等.双塞头固定化细胞反应器降解TCE[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2017,23(5):900-906.Ai S, Zhao T T, Zhang L J, et al. TCE biodegradation in reactor with two openings with immobilized cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2017,23(5):900-906.
[16]赵天涛,邢志林,张丽杰,等.氯代烯烃胁迫下菌群SWA1的降解活性及群落结构[J].中国环境科学, 2017,37(12):4637-4648.Zhao T T, Xing Z L, Zhang L J, et al. Biodegrading activity and community structure of microbial consortium SWA1 acclimatized on chloroalkene[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(12):4637-4648.
[17]孙艺齐,卞伟,王盟,等.活性污泥法和生物膜法SBR工艺亚硝化启动和稳定运行性能对比[J].环境科学, 2017,38(12):5222-5228.Sun Y Q, Bian W, Wang M, et al. Comparison of start-up and stable performance of nitritation in activated sludge and biofilm processes in a SBR[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(12):5222-5228.
[18]赵海燕.序批式反应器同步硝化反硝化处理生活污水试验研究[D].西安:长安大学, 2009.Zhao H Y. Study on Domestic wastewater treatment by simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in SBR reactors[D]. Xi An:Chang’An University, 2009.
[19]李治阳.畜禽废水生物除碳脱氮耦合新工艺及机理研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2012.Li Z Y. Study on new coupling technology in biological removal of nitrogen and carbon from livestock wastewater and its mechanism[D].Chong Qing:ChongQing University, 2012.
[20]王顺成,刘幽燕,李青云,等.产碱杆菌DN25的氰降解代谢途径分析与产酶条件优化[J].化工学报, 2011,62(2):482-489.Wang S C, Liu Y Y, Li Q Y, et al. Analysis of cyanide-degrading metabolism and optimization of culture condition for cyanidedegrading enzyme production from Alcaligenes sp. DN25[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011,62(2):482-489.
[21]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.MBR系统CANON工艺的快速启动及微生物种群特征[J].中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2788-2795.Li D, He Y P, Zhang X J, et al. The fast start-up of CANON process in MBR system and the characterization of microbes[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2788-2795.
[22] Huang X F, Li W G, Zhang D Y, et al. Ammonium removal by a novel oligotrophic Acinetobacter sp. Y16 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification at low temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013,146(10):44-50.
[23]辛玉峰,曲晓华,袁梦冬,等.一株异养硝化-反硝化不动杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮活性[J].微生物学报, 2011,51(12):1646-1654.Xin Y F, Qu X H, Yuan M D, et al. Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying Acinetobacter sp.YF14 and its denitrification activity[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2011,51(12):1646-1654.
[24]王书永,钱飞跃,王建芳,等.有机物对亚硝化颗粒污泥中功能菌活性的影响[J].环境科学, 2017,38(1):269-275.Wang S Y, Qian F Y, Wang J F, et al. Impact of biodegradable organic matter on the functional microbe activities in partial nitrification granules[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(1):269-275.
[25] Cai H, He W, Yanan W, et al. Flavobacterium aurantiibacter sp. nov.,an orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2018,68(10):1839–1844.
[26] Guo Y, Zhou X, Li Y, et al. Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by a novel Halomonas campisalis[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2013,35(12):2045-2049.
[27]孙雪梅,李秋芬,张艳,等.一株海水异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌系统发育及脱氮特性[J].微生物学报, 2012,52(6):687-695.Sun X M, Li Q F, Zhang Y, et al. Phylogenetic analysis and nitrogen removal characteristics of a heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria strain from marine environment[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2012,52(6):687-695.
[28]肖继波,江惠霞,褚淑祎.不同氮源下好氧反硝化菌Defluvibacterlusatiensis str.DN7的脱氮特性[J].生态学报, 2012,32(20):6463-6470.Xiao J B, Jiang H X, Chu S W. Denitrification characteristics of an aerobic denitrifying bacterium Defluvibacterlusatiensis str. DN7 using different sources of nitrogen[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012,32(20):6463-6470.
[29]许涛,王国英,岳秀萍.Diaphorobacter sp.PDB3菌好氧反硝化脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(6):2321-2328.Xu T, Wang G Y, Yue X P, et al. The nitrogen removal characteristics of aerobic denitrification by Diaphorobacter sp. PDB3.[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(6):2321-2328.
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