长江中下游鱼类重金属污染及健康风险评价
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摘要
为研究长江鱼类重金属污染状况,对长江七种主要经济鱼(鲢鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、铜鱼、鲶鱼、黄颡鱼)背部肌肉组织中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量进行了测定。运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对鱼肌肉组织中重金属污染程度及食用安全性进行评价。结果表明,长江鱼类Cu、Zn、 Pb、Cd、Hg和Cr的含量分别为0.361～18.76、0.793～50.8、0.009～3.8、0.003～0.97、0.001～0.054和0.121～0.805 mg·kg~(-1)。Pb和Cd为长江鱼体重金属污染的主要元素。鲫鱼受到重金属综合污染最大,草鱼最小。对于大多数重金属元素来说,肉食性鱼肌肉中富集的含量大于植食性鱼和杂食性鱼。与国内外河流鱼体内重金属含量相比,长江鱼类处于中等水平。鱼类的单一和复合重金属健康风险指数均表明长江鱼类食用安全性较好,不会对消费者健康产生潜在危害。
In order to evaluate the heavy mentals pollution of fish in the Yangtze River, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb,Zn and Hg in the muscle tissue of seven fish species(silver carp, grass carp, crucian carp, carp, catfish and yellow-head catfish)are tested. The single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient methods are applied to evaluate the pollution level and food safety of fish. The result shows that the contents of Cu,Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr are in the range of 0.361～18.76 mg·kg~(-1)、0.793～50.8 mg·kg~(-1)、0.009～3.8 mg·kg~(-1)、0.003～0.97 mg·kg~(-1)、0.001～0.054 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.121～0.805 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Pb and Cd are the major elements of heavy metal pollution in Yangtze River fishes.Crucian carp muscle tissues are polluted by heavy metals in the highest level and grass carp is the smallest.Enrichment of most heavy metals in carnivorous fish is higher than those in omnivorous anderbivorouss species. Compared with the contents of heavy metals in domestic and foreign river fishes, the Yangtze River fishes are at a moderate level.Single factor and composite health risk indices all indicats that fishes of Yangtze River are safe for eating and there's no obvious risk to the health of consumers.
In order to evaluate the heavy mentals pollution of fish in the Yangtze River, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb,Zn and Hg in the muscle tissue of seven fish species(silver carp, grass carp, crucian carp, carp, catfish and yellow-head catfish)are tested. The single factor pollution index,comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient methods are applied to evaluate the pollution level and food safety of fish. The result shows that the contents of Cu,Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr are in the range of 0.361～18.76 mg·kg~(-1)、0.793～50.8 mg·kg~(-1)、0.009～3.8 mg·kg~(-1)、0.003～0.97 mg·kg~(-1)、0.001～0.054 mg·kg~(-1) and 0.121～0.805 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Pb and Cd are the major elements of heavy metal pollution in Yangtze River fishes.Crucian carp muscle tissues are polluted by heavy metals in the highest level and grass carp is the smallest.Enrichment of most heavy metals in carnivorous fish is higher than those in omnivorous anderbivorouss species. Compared with the contents of heavy metals in domestic and foreign river fishes, the Yangtze River fishes are at a moderate level.Single factor and composite health risk indices all indicats that fishes of Yangtze River are safe for eating and there's no obvious risk to the health of consumers.
引文
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[22] TURKMEN A, TURKMEN M, TEPE Y, et al. Heavy metals in threecommercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, northern east Mediterranean Sea, Turkey[J]. Food Chemistry, 2005, 91(1):167- 172.
[23] AHMAD M K, ISLAM S, RAHMAN M S, et al. Heavy metals in water, sediment and some fishes of Buriganga River, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research, 2010, 4(2):321- 332.
[24] 宋双双. 鲫鱼分子生物标志物的研究与应用[D]. 济南:山东师范大学, 2013.
[2] 孙静雯, 于宏兵, 李云飞. 松花江流域鱼体内重金属含量的监测与污染评价[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2013(5):29- 33.
[3] ALYOUSUF M H, ELSHAHAWI M S, ALGHAIS S M. Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 256(2- 3):87- 94.
[4] CHEN Q L, GONG Y, LUO Z, et al. Differential effect of waterborne cadmium exposure on lipid metabolism in liver and muscle of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2013, 142- 143(20):380- 386.
[5] 张继来. 澜沧江中下游水沙和鱼中重金属分布及其生态风险评价[D]. 云南:云南大学, 2015.
[6] 张家泉, 李琼, 童勇勇,等. 黄石市磁湖鱼体内重金属的富集及风险评价[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2013, 52(11):2653- 2656.
[7] 田林锋, 胡继伟, 罗桂林,等. 贵州百花湖鱼体器官及肌肉组织中重金属的分布特征及其与水体重金属污染水平的相关性[J]. 水产学报, 2012, 36(5):714- 722.
[8] 蔡深文, 倪朝辉, 李云峰,等. 长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区鱼体肌肉重金属残留调查与分析[J]. 中国水产科学, 2011, 24(6):1351- 1357.
[9] 李健. 长江上游15种常见鱼类体内5种重金属含量及水体镉暴露对南方鲇生态毒理学效应[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2016.
[10] 曾乐意, 闫玉莲,谢小军.长江朱杨江段几种鱼类体内重金属铅、镉和铬含量的研究[J]. 淡水渔业, 2012, 42(2):61- 65.
[11] 王丽, 陈凡, 马千里,等. 东江惠州段鱼类重金属污染及健康风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(1):70- 76.17.
[12] 唐洪磊,郭英,孟祥周,等.广东省沿海城市居民膳食结构及食物污染状况的调研:对持久性卤代烃和重金属的人体暴露水平评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2): 329- 336.
[13] WANG X, SATO T, XING B, et al. Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2005, 350(1- 3):28- 37.
[14] USEPA. Risk-based Concentration Table[R]. Philadelphia PA: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009.
[15] 高志杰,汪娌娜,姚浔平,等.海产品中重金属铅、汞、镉、铬对人体健康的潜在风险评价[J].中国卫生检验杂志.2014,24(7): 1019- 1021.
[16] DALLINGER R, KAUTZKY H. The importance of contaminated food for the uptake of heavy metals by rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri): a field study[J]. Oecologia, 1985, 67(1):82- 89.
[17] 张聪,宋超,裘丽萍,等.太湖鱼体中重金属铬的含量及风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(7): 1254- 1260.
[18] CHI Q Q, ZHU G W, LANGDON A. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2007, 19(12):1500- 1504.
[19] 曾龄颐. 洞庭湖区淡水鱼化学污染物调查与分析[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2012.
[20] 杨元昊, 任惠丽, 张世羊,等. 黄河兰州鲇肌体重金属及有机氯的污染特征[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(12):67- 74.
[21] 王瑞霖.海河流域底泥沉积物及鲫鱼重金属污染风险研究[D]. 北京:北京化工大学,2015.
[22] TURKMEN A, TURKMEN M, TEPE Y, et al. Heavy metals in threecommercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, northern east Mediterranean Sea, Turkey[J]. Food Chemistry, 2005, 91(1):167- 172.
[23] AHMAD M K, ISLAM S, RAHMAN M S, et al. Heavy metals in water, sediment and some fishes of Buriganga River, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research, 2010, 4(2):321- 332.
[24] 宋双双. 鲫鱼分子生物标志物的研究与应用[D]. 济南:山东师范大学, 2013.
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