白刺沙包浅层土壤水分动态及其对不同降雨量的响应
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摘要
以乌兰布和沙漠典型白刺沙包为研究对象,使用EC-5土壤水分传感器对其浅层(0—50 cm)土壤水分进行长期连续监测,分析了白刺沙包不同深度土层对不同降雨量的响应及整个生长季的土壤水分动态特征。结果表明:降雨是乌兰布和沙漠白刺沙包土壤水分的最重要补给源,降雨量大小是影响浅层土壤水分补给深度的决定因素。小于10 mm的降雨完全被表层(0—10 cm)土壤吸收,无法补给10 cm以下土壤水分;10—20 mm的降雨对土壤水分的补给深度达到20 cm;20—30 mm的降雨对土壤水分的补给深度达到40 cm,大于30 mm的降雨补给深度可达到50 cm,甚至更深土层。在研究区降雨量以小于20 mm降雨为主的情况下,20 cm以下土层土壤水分逐步恶化,久之将有利于浅根系草本植物的生长,不利于白刺的生长繁殖。因此,这种降雨格局将对浅层土壤水分及植被演替产生重要影响。
This study examined typical Nitraria tangutorum nebkha in the UlanBuh desert. An EC-5 soil moisture sensor was used for long-term monitoring of the shallow(0—50 cm) soil water content. We analyzed the responses of different soil layers to different rainfall and soil water content dynamics in a Nitraria tangutorum nebkha during the growing seasons of 2015—2017. The results showed that rainfall was the most important supply source for soil water content. The amount of rainfall was the major factor affecting the depth of water supply in shallow soils. Rainfall <10 mm was completely absorbed by the surface soil(0—10 cm), and was unable to replenish soil water content below the 10 cm soil layer. Rainfall between 10 and 20 mm replenished soil water content to the 20 cm soil layer; rainfall between 20 and 30 mm replenished soil water content to the 40 cm soil layer; and rainfall >30 mm replenished soil water content to the 50 cm soil layer. In the case of rainfall <20 mm, the soil water content of the study area below 20 cm could gradually deteriorate, which could promote the growth of shallow root herbaceous plants, leading to a decline of the Nitraria tangutorum community. Rainfall patterns have an important impact on shallow soil water content and vegetation succession.
This study examined typical Nitraria tangutorum nebkha in the UlanBuh desert. An EC-5 soil moisture sensor was used for long-term monitoring of the shallow(0—50 cm) soil water content. We analyzed the responses of different soil layers to different rainfall and soil water content dynamics in a Nitraria tangutorum nebkha during the growing seasons of 2015—2017. The results showed that rainfall was the most important supply source for soil water content. The amount of rainfall was the major factor affecting the depth of water supply in shallow soils. Rainfall <10 mm was completely absorbed by the surface soil(0—10 cm), and was unable to replenish soil water content below the 10 cm soil layer. Rainfall between 10 and 20 mm replenished soil water content to the 20 cm soil layer; rainfall between 20 and 30 mm replenished soil water content to the 40 cm soil layer; and rainfall >30 mm replenished soil water content to the 50 cm soil layer. In the case of rainfall <20 mm, the soil water content of the study area below 20 cm could gradually deteriorate, which could promote the growth of shallow root herbaceous plants, leading to a decline of the Nitraria tangutorum community. Rainfall patterns have an important impact on shallow soil water content and vegetation succession.
引文
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[9] 徐先英,严平,郭树江,柴成武.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征.中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141- 145.
[10] Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.The Difference in Sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among japonica-rice varieties.Plant Production Science,2001,4(2):90- 93.
[11] 王新平,康尔泗,李新荣,张景光忖.荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响.地球科学进展,2003,18(4):592- 596.
[12] 张志玲,范昊明,郭成久,武敏,李洪丽,韩英.模拟降雨条件下坡面水流流速与径流输出特征研究.水土保持研究,2008,15(6):32- 34.
[13] 原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,王翔宇,石慧书.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):23- 27.
[14] 朱海.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭群落土壤水分动态[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[15] 于晓娜,李恩贵,黄永梅,李小雁.毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)群落土壤水分动态特征.中国沙漠,2015,35(3):674- 682.
[16] 王新平,李新荣,康尔泗,张景光,周海燕,杨诗秀,雷志栋.腾格里沙漠东南缘人工植被区降水入渗与再分配规律研究.生态学报,2003,23(6):1234- 1241.
[17] 孙飞达,陈文业,袁海峰,窦英杰,邴丹珲,冯颖,吴婷.甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠——湿地生态系统土壤水分空间异质性及其影响因子研究.西北植物学报,2016,36(1):165- 173.
[18] 马风云,李新荣,张景光,李爱霞.沙坡头人工固沙植被土壤水分空间异质性.应用生态学报,2006,17(5):789- 795.
[19] 杜建会,严平,俄有浩,韩富贵.强降雨事件对不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分的影响.水土保持通报,2007,27(6):20- 24.
[20] 席军强,赵翠莲,杨自辉,郭树江,王强强,张剑挥.荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分空间分布及入渗特征.草业学报,2016,25(11):15- 24.
[21] Bogena H R,Huisman J A,Oberd?rster C,Vereecken H.Evaluation of a low-cost soil water content sensor for wireless network applications.Journal of Hydrology,2007,344(1/2):32- 42.
[22] Loden P,Han Q,Porta L,Illangasekare T,Jayasumana A P.A wireless sensor system for validation of real-time automatic calibration of groundwater transport models.Journal of Systems and Software,2009,82(11):1859- 1868.
[23] 何修道,王立,党宏忠,韩辉,吕文强.ECH2O EC- 5水分传感器测定沙地土壤含水率的可靠性.水土保持通报,2016,36(4):68- 71,77- 77.
[24] 魏雅芬,郭柯,陈吉泉.降雨格局对库布齐沙漠土壤水分的补充效应.植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1346- 1355.
[25] 冯伟,杨文斌,党宏忠,李卫,石星,王永胜,梁海荣.毛乌素沙地流动沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应.中国沙漠,2015,35(2):400- 406.
[26] 刘冰,赵文智,常学向,李守波.黑河流域荒漠区土壤水分对降水脉动响应.中国沙漠,2011,31(3):716- 722.
[27] 赵学勇,左小安,赵哈林,张铜会,李玉强,移小勇.科尔沁不同类型沙地土壤水分在降水后的空间变异特征.干旱区地理,2006,29(2):275- 281.
[28] 王少昆,赵学勇,左小安,赵玮,郭轶瑞.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下土壤水分对降雨响应的空间变异性.干旱区研究,2008,25(3):389- 393.
[29] 蔡进军,张源润,潘占兵,董立国,许浩,王月玲,季波,马璠,韩新生.宁夏黄土丘陵区苜蓿土壤水分的时空变异特征.水土保持研究,2016,23(1):75- 79,85- 85.
[30] Perry M A,Niemann J D.Analysis and estimation of soil moisture at the catchment scale using EOFs.Journal of Hydrology,2007,334(3/4):388- 404.
[31] 王正宁,王新平,刘博.荒漠灌丛内降雨和土壤水分再分配.应用生态学报,2016,27(3):755- 760.
[32] 朱雅娟,吴波,卢琦.干旱区对降水变化响应的研究进展.林业科学研究,2012,25(1):100- 106.
[33] 邹慧,高光耀,傅伯杰.干旱半干旱草地生态系统与土壤水分关系研究进展.生态学报,2016,36(11):3127- 3136.
[34] Ram A,Aaron Y.Negative and positive effects of topsoil biological crusts on water availability along a rainfall gradient in a sandy arid area.CATENA,2007,70(3):437- 442.
[35] Li X R,He M Z,Zerbe S,Li X J,Liu L C.Micro-geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35(8):932- 940.
[36] Berndtsson R,Chen H S.Variability of soil water content along a transect in a desert area.Journal of Arid Environments,1994,27(2):127- 139.
[37] 朱雅娟,贾志清,卢琦,郝玉光,张景波,李磊,綦艳林.乌兰布和沙漠5种灌木的水分利用策略.林业科学,2010,46(4):15- 21.
[2] 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,张希来,孟庆华.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,2007,26(1):100- 107.
[3] Stocker T,Plattner G K,Dahe Q.IPCC Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis-Findings and Lessons Learned// EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2014.
[4] Allen S K,Plattner G K,Nauels A.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.An overview of the Working Group 1 contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).Computational Geometry,2007,18(2):95- 123.
[5] Fay P A,Carlisle J D,Knapp A K,Blair J M,Collins S L.Productivity responses to altered rainfall patterns in a C4 -dominated grassland.Oecologia,2003,137(2):245- 251.
[6] 潘颜霞,王新平.荒漠人工植被区浅层土壤水分空间变化特征分析.中国沙漠,2007,27(2):250- 256.
[7] 马海艳,龚家栋,王根绪,程国栋.干旱区不同荒漠植被土壤水分的时空变化特征分析.水土保持研究,2005,12(6):231- 234.
[8] 张浩,王新平,张亚峰,虎瑞,潘颜霞,陈宁.干旱荒漠区不同生活型植物生长对降雨量变化的响应.生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1847- 1853.
[9] 徐先英,严平,郭树江,柴成武.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征.中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141- 145.
[10] Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.The Difference in Sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among japonica-rice varieties.Plant Production Science,2001,4(2):90- 93.
[11] 王新平,康尔泗,李新荣,张景光忖.荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响.地球科学进展,2003,18(4):592- 596.
[12] 张志玲,范昊明,郭成久,武敏,李洪丽,韩英.模拟降雨条件下坡面水流流速与径流输出特征研究.水土保持研究,2008,15(6):32- 34.
[13] 原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,王翔宇,石慧书.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征.中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):23- 27.
[14] 朱海.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭群落土壤水分动态[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[15] 于晓娜,李恩贵,黄永梅,李小雁.毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)群落土壤水分动态特征.中国沙漠,2015,35(3):674- 682.
[16] 王新平,李新荣,康尔泗,张景光,周海燕,杨诗秀,雷志栋.腾格里沙漠东南缘人工植被区降水入渗与再分配规律研究.生态学报,2003,23(6):1234- 1241.
[17] 孙飞达,陈文业,袁海峰,窦英杰,邴丹珲,冯颖,吴婷.甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠——湿地生态系统土壤水分空间异质性及其影响因子研究.西北植物学报,2016,36(1):165- 173.
[18] 马风云,李新荣,张景光,李爱霞.沙坡头人工固沙植被土壤水分空间异质性.应用生态学报,2006,17(5):789- 795.
[19] 杜建会,严平,俄有浩,韩富贵.强降雨事件对不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分的影响.水土保持通报,2007,27(6):20- 24.
[20] 席军强,赵翠莲,杨自辉,郭树江,王强强,张剑挥.荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分空间分布及入渗特征.草业学报,2016,25(11):15- 24.
[21] Bogena H R,Huisman J A,Oberd?rster C,Vereecken H.Evaluation of a low-cost soil water content sensor for wireless network applications.Journal of Hydrology,2007,344(1/2):32- 42.
[22] Loden P,Han Q,Porta L,Illangasekare T,Jayasumana A P.A wireless sensor system for validation of real-time automatic calibration of groundwater transport models.Journal of Systems and Software,2009,82(11):1859- 1868.
[23] 何修道,王立,党宏忠,韩辉,吕文强.ECH2O EC- 5水分传感器测定沙地土壤含水率的可靠性.水土保持通报,2016,36(4):68- 71,77- 77.
[24] 魏雅芬,郭柯,陈吉泉.降雨格局对库布齐沙漠土壤水分的补充效应.植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1346- 1355.
[25] 冯伟,杨文斌,党宏忠,李卫,石星,王永胜,梁海荣.毛乌素沙地流动沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应.中国沙漠,2015,35(2):400- 406.
[26] 刘冰,赵文智,常学向,李守波.黑河流域荒漠区土壤水分对降水脉动响应.中国沙漠,2011,31(3):716- 722.
[27] 赵学勇,左小安,赵哈林,张铜会,李玉强,移小勇.科尔沁不同类型沙地土壤水分在降水后的空间变异特征.干旱区地理,2006,29(2):275- 281.
[28] 王少昆,赵学勇,左小安,赵玮,郭轶瑞.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下土壤水分对降雨响应的空间变异性.干旱区研究,2008,25(3):389- 393.
[29] 蔡进军,张源润,潘占兵,董立国,许浩,王月玲,季波,马璠,韩新生.宁夏黄土丘陵区苜蓿土壤水分的时空变异特征.水土保持研究,2016,23(1):75- 79,85- 85.
[30] Perry M A,Niemann J D.Analysis and estimation of soil moisture at the catchment scale using EOFs.Journal of Hydrology,2007,334(3/4):388- 404.
[31] 王正宁,王新平,刘博.荒漠灌丛内降雨和土壤水分再分配.应用生态学报,2016,27(3):755- 760.
[32] 朱雅娟,吴波,卢琦.干旱区对降水变化响应的研究进展.林业科学研究,2012,25(1):100- 106.
[33] 邹慧,高光耀,傅伯杰.干旱半干旱草地生态系统与土壤水分关系研究进展.生态学报,2016,36(11):3127- 3136.
[34] Ram A,Aaron Y.Negative and positive effects of topsoil biological crusts on water availability along a rainfall gradient in a sandy arid area.CATENA,2007,70(3):437- 442.
[35] Li X R,He M Z,Zerbe S,Li X J,Liu L C.Micro-geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35(8):932- 940.
[36] Berndtsson R,Chen H S.Variability of soil water content along a transect in a desert area.Journal of Arid Environments,1994,27(2):127- 139.
[37] 朱雅娟,贾志清,卢琦,郝玉光,张景波,李磊,綦艳林.乌兰布和沙漠5种灌木的水分利用策略.林业科学,2010,46(4):15- 21.
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