塔里木盆地走滑带碳酸盐岩断裂相特征及其与油气关系
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摘要
通过露头与井下资料的综合分析,塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带断裂相具有多样性,根据内部构造发育程度可以分为断层核发育、断层核欠发育两类。露头走滑带断层核部以裂缝带、透镜体、滑动面等断裂相发育为特征,断裂边缘的破碎带发育裂缝带、变形带。裂缝带主要分布在断层核附近50m的破碎带内,裂缝多开启,渗流性好。断裂核部透镜体发育,在破碎带也有分布,破碎角砾组合的透镜体多致密。滑动面具有平直截切型、渐变条带型等两种类型,多为开启的半充填活动面。变形带多为方解石与碎裂岩充填,破碎带局部部位裂缝与溶蚀作用较发育。利用地震剖面、构造图、相干图等资料可以判识塔里木盆地内部奥陶系碳酸盐岩走滑断裂相的特征及其发育程度,沿走滑断裂带走向上断裂相具有分段性与差异性,根据渗流性可以定性区分高渗透相、致密相区。沿断裂带高渗透相区是碳酸盐岩缝洞体储层发育的有利部位。断裂相的横向变化造成油气分布的区段性,形成高渗透相输导模式、致密相遮挡模式等两类成藏模式。走滑断裂带碳酸盐岩断裂相的特征及其控藏作用对油气勘探开发储层建模具有重要意义。
Integrated analyses of the Ordovician carbonate outcrops and downhole data in the Tarim basin show that the strik-slip fault facies of the Ordovician carbonatic rock is of large variety. Based on the development degree of internal structures, faulting can be divided into two types: well-developed fault core and undeveloped fault core. In the outcrops, the fault core of strike-slip zone is characterized by fracture zones, lens and slip surfaces, with fissure and deformed zones developed within damage bands at the margin of fault. Fractures zones are distributed mainly in damage zone, about 50 m far from the faulting core, with well-developed open fractures and good infiltration. Lenses are well developed within the faulting core, as well as in damage zones. And most lenses are compact with low porosity and permeability. Slip surfaces contain straight intercept type and gradation band type, and most are open surface filled partially. Deformation belts are mostly filled with calcite and cataclasite, with fractures and dissolution vugs developed locally in damage zones. Using seismic profiles, structural map and coherence data, I can be identified the characteristics and development degree of strike-slip fault facies in Ordovician carbonate. The fault facies is characteristic of segmentation and differentiation along the trending of strike-slip faults, which can be used to identify high permeability facies and compact permeability facies. The high permeability areas along faulting zone are favorable for development of fracture-caves within carbonate reservoir. The segmentation of hydrocarbon distribution, caused by the horizontal change of strike-slip fault facies, formed the high permeability transporting model and the tight barrier model of hydrocarbon accumulation. The characteristics of strike-slip fault facies and their control over the pools are of great significance for carbonate reservoir modeling exploration and development.
Integrated analyses of the Ordovician carbonate outcrops and downhole data in the Tarim basin show that the strik-slip fault facies of the Ordovician carbonatic rock is of large variety. Based on the development degree of internal structures, faulting can be divided into two types: well-developed fault core and undeveloped fault core. In the outcrops, the fault core of strike-slip zone is characterized by fracture zones, lens and slip surfaces, with fissure and deformed zones developed within damage bands at the margin of fault. Fractures zones are distributed mainly in damage zone, about 50 m far from the faulting core, with well-developed open fractures and good infiltration. Lenses are well developed within the faulting core, as well as in damage zones. And most lenses are compact with low porosity and permeability. Slip surfaces contain straight intercept type and gradation band type, and most are open surface filled partially. Deformation belts are mostly filled with calcite and cataclasite, with fractures and dissolution vugs developed locally in damage zones. Using seismic profiles, structural map and coherence data, I can be identified the characteristics and development degree of strike-slip fault facies in Ordovician carbonate. The fault facies is characteristic of segmentation and differentiation along the trending of strike-slip faults, which can be used to identify high permeability facies and compact permeability facies. The high permeability areas along faulting zone are favorable for development of fracture-caves within carbonate reservoir. The segmentation of hydrocarbon distribution, caused by the horizontal change of strike-slip fault facies, formed the high permeability transporting model and the tight barrier model of hydrocarbon accumulation. The characteristics of strike-slip fault facies and their control over the pools are of great significance for carbonate reservoir modeling exploration and development.
引文
金之钧,张发强.2005.油气运移研究现状及主要进展.石油与天然气地质,26(3):263～270.
康玉柱.2007.中国古生代海相大油气田形成条件及勘探方向.新疆石油地质,28(3):263～265.
李本亮,管树巍,李传新,邬光辉,杨海军,韩剑发,罗春树,苗继军.2009.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征.地质论评,55(4):521～530.
李传新,贾承造,李本亮,杨庚,杨海军,罗春树,韩剑发,王晓峰.2009.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起北斜坡古生代断裂展布与构造演化.地质学报,83(8):1065～1073.
吕修祥,李建交,汪伟光.2009.海相碳酸盐岩储层对断裂活动的响应.地质科技情报,28(3):1～5.
罗春树,杨海军,蔡振忠,邬光辉,董立胜.2007.塔中82井区优质储集层的控制因素.新疆石油地质,28(5):589～591.
罗群,姜振学,庞雄奇.2007.断裂控藏机理与模式.北京:石油工业出版社.
王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,张丽娟,王振宇,罗春树,李新生.2007.塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素.石油与天然气地质,28(6):797～801.
武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,金强,韩剑发,陈志伟,孟书翠.2010.塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究.地质论评,56(3):339～348.
邬光辉,陈利新,徐志明,韩剑发,席勤.2008.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏机理.天然气工业,28(6):20～22.
邬光辉,琚岩,杨仓,赵宽志.2010.构造对塔中奥陶系礁滩型储层的控制作用.新疆石油地质,31(5):467～470.
邬光辉,成丽芳,刘玉魁,汪海,曲泰来,高力.2011.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系走滑断裂系统特征及其控油作用.新疆石油地质,32(3):239～243.
吴智平,陈伟,薛雁,宋国奇,刘惠民.2010.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封堵性.地质学报,84(4):570～578.
杨庚,石昕,贾承造,张君峰,张朝军,何登发,李洪辉,孙方源.2008.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪—巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系.地质通报,24(4):201～207.
杨海军,郝芳,韩剑发,蔡忠贤,顾乔元.2007.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起断裂系统与复式油气聚集.地质科学,(4):795～811.
翟晓先,云露.2008.塔里木盆地塔河大型油气田地质特征及勘探思路回顾.石油与天然气地质,29(5):555～573.
张庆莲,侯贵廷,潘文庆,韩剑发,琚岩,李乐,肖芳锋.2010.新疆巴楚地区走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝发育的控制.地质通报,29(8):1160～1167.
赵文智,朱光有,张水昌,赵雪凤,孙玉善,王红军,杨海军,韩剑发.2009.天然气晚期强充注与塔中奥陶系深部碳酸盐岩储集性能改善关系研究.科学通报,54(1):1～7.
朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄,张学丰.2008.塔里木盆地深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层影响.地质论评,54(20):3218～3230.
周新源,王招明,杨海军,王清华,邬光辉.2006.中国海相油气田勘探实例之五:塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现.海相油气地质,11(1):45～51.
Alexander L,Handschy J.1998.Fluid flow in a faulted reservoirsystem,South Eugene Island Block 330 field,offshoreLouisiana.AAPG Bulletin,82(3):387～411.
Aydin A.2000.Fractures,faults,and hydrocarbon entrapment,migration and flow.Marine and Petroleum Geology,17(7):797～814.
Bastesen E,Braathen A,Nttveit H,Gabrielsen R H,Skar T.2009.Extensional fault cores in micritic carbonate—case studiesfrom the Gulf of Corinth,Greece.Journal of StructuralGeology,31(4):403～420.
Braathen A,Tveranger J,Fossen H,Skar T,Cardozo N,Semshaug S E,Bastesen E,Sverdrup E.2009.Fault facies andits application to sandstone reservoirs.AAPG Bulletin,93(7):891～917.
Bussolotto M,Benedicto A,Invernizzi C,Micarelli L,Plagnes V,Deiana G.2007.Deformation features within an active normalfault zone in carbonate rocks:the Gubbio fault(CentralApennines,Italy).Journal of Structural Geology,29:2017～2037.
Caine J S.1996.Fault zone architecture and permeability structure.Geology,24(11):1025～1028.
Childs C,Sylta,Moriya S,Bonson G B,Nicol A,Schopfer M PJ.2009.Calibrating fault seal using a hydrocarbon migrationmodel of the Oseberg Syd area,Viking Graben.Marine andPetroleum Geology,26(6):764～774.
Fossen H,Schultz R A,Mair K,Shipton Z K.2007.Deformationbands in sandstones—a review.Journal of Geological Society(London),164:755～769.
Graham W B,Girbacea R,Mesonjesi A,Aydin A.2006.Evolutionof fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates ofthe Albanides fold-thrust belt.AAPG Bulletin,90(8):1227～1249.
Harding T P.1990.Identification of wrench fault using subsurfacestructural data:criteria and pitfalls.AAPG Bulletin,74(10):1090～1609.
Labaume P,Sheppard S M F,Moretti I.2001.Fluid flow incataclastic thrust fault zones in sandstones,sub-Andean zone,southern Bolivia.Tectonophysics,340:141～172.
Peacock D C P,Fisher Q J,Willemse E J M.1998.The relationship between faults and pressure solution seams in carbonate rocksand the implications for fluid flow.Geological Society(London)Special Publication,147:105～115.
Perez R J,Boles J R.2003.Mineralization,fluid flow,and sealingproperties associated with an active thrust fault:San Joaquinbasin,California.AAPG Bulletin,87(3):465～478.
Peter E,Nicholas C D,Stephen P B.2009.Structural anddiagenetic control of fluid migration and cementation along theMoab fault,Utah.AAPG Bulletin,93(5):653～681.
Schultz R A,Soliva R,Fossen H,Okubo C H,Reeves D M.2008.Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations forfractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them.Journal of Structural Geology,30:1405～1411.
Tveranger J,Braathen A,Skar T,Skauge A.2005.Center forintegrated petroleum research—research activities withemphasis on fluid flow in fault zones.Norwegian Journal ofGeology,85:63～72.
Wibberley C A J,Shimamoto T.2003.Internal structure andpermeability of major strike-slip fault zones:the Mediantectonic line in Mie Prefecture,southwest Japan.Journal ofStructural Geology,25(1):59～78.
Zhou X Y,Pang X Q,Li Q M,Pang H,Xiang C F,Jiang Z X,LiS M,Liu L F.2010.Advances and problems in hydrocarbonexploration in the Tazhong area,Tarim basin.PetroleumScience,7:164～178.
康玉柱.2007.中国古生代海相大油气田形成条件及勘探方向.新疆石油地质,28(3):263～265.
李本亮,管树巍,李传新,邬光辉,杨海军,韩剑发,罗春树,苗继军.2009.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征.地质论评,55(4):521～530.
李传新,贾承造,李本亮,杨庚,杨海军,罗春树,韩剑发,王晓峰.2009.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起北斜坡古生代断裂展布与构造演化.地质学报,83(8):1065～1073.
吕修祥,李建交,汪伟光.2009.海相碳酸盐岩储层对断裂活动的响应.地质科技情报,28(3):1～5.
罗春树,杨海军,蔡振忠,邬光辉,董立胜.2007.塔中82井区优质储集层的控制因素.新疆石油地质,28(5):589～591.
罗群,姜振学,庞雄奇.2007.断裂控藏机理与模式.北京:石油工业出版社.
王招明,赵宽志,邬光辉,张丽娟,王振宇,罗春树,李新生.2007.塔中I号坡折带上奥陶统礁滩型储层发育特征及其主控因素.石油与天然气地质,28(6):797～801.
武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,金强,韩剑发,陈志伟,孟书翠.2010.塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究.地质论评,56(3):339～348.
邬光辉,陈利新,徐志明,韩剑发,席勤.2008.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏机理.天然气工业,28(6):20～22.
邬光辉,琚岩,杨仓,赵宽志.2010.构造对塔中奥陶系礁滩型储层的控制作用.新疆石油地质,31(5):467～470.
邬光辉,成丽芳,刘玉魁,汪海,曲泰来,高力.2011.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系走滑断裂系统特征及其控油作用.新疆石油地质,32(3):239～243.
吴智平,陈伟,薛雁,宋国奇,刘惠民.2010.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封堵性.地质学报,84(4):570～578.
杨庚,石昕,贾承造,张君峰,张朝军,何登发,李洪辉,孙方源.2008.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪—巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系.地质通报,24(4):201～207.
杨海军,郝芳,韩剑发,蔡忠贤,顾乔元.2007.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起断裂系统与复式油气聚集.地质科学,(4):795～811.
翟晓先,云露.2008.塔里木盆地塔河大型油气田地质特征及勘探思路回顾.石油与天然气地质,29(5):555～573.
张庆莲,侯贵廷,潘文庆,韩剑发,琚岩,李乐,肖芳锋.2010.新疆巴楚地区走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝发育的控制.地质通报,29(8):1160～1167.
赵文智,朱光有,张水昌,赵雪凤,孙玉善,王红军,杨海军,韩剑发.2009.天然气晚期强充注与塔中奥陶系深部碳酸盐岩储集性能改善关系研究.科学通报,54(1):1～7.
朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄,张学丰.2008.塔里木盆地深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层影响.地质论评,54(20):3218～3230.
周新源,王招明,杨海军,王清华,邬光辉.2006.中国海相油气田勘探实例之五:塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现.海相油气地质,11(1):45～51.
Alexander L,Handschy J.1998.Fluid flow in a faulted reservoirsystem,South Eugene Island Block 330 field,offshoreLouisiana.AAPG Bulletin,82(3):387～411.
Aydin A.2000.Fractures,faults,and hydrocarbon entrapment,migration and flow.Marine and Petroleum Geology,17(7):797～814.
Bastesen E,Braathen A,Nttveit H,Gabrielsen R H,Skar T.2009.Extensional fault cores in micritic carbonate—case studiesfrom the Gulf of Corinth,Greece.Journal of StructuralGeology,31(4):403～420.
Braathen A,Tveranger J,Fossen H,Skar T,Cardozo N,Semshaug S E,Bastesen E,Sverdrup E.2009.Fault facies andits application to sandstone reservoirs.AAPG Bulletin,93(7):891～917.
Bussolotto M,Benedicto A,Invernizzi C,Micarelli L,Plagnes V,Deiana G.2007.Deformation features within an active normalfault zone in carbonate rocks:the Gubbio fault(CentralApennines,Italy).Journal of Structural Geology,29:2017～2037.
Caine J S.1996.Fault zone architecture and permeability structure.Geology,24(11):1025～1028.
Childs C,Sylta,Moriya S,Bonson G B,Nicol A,Schopfer M PJ.2009.Calibrating fault seal using a hydrocarbon migrationmodel of the Oseberg Syd area,Viking Graben.Marine andPetroleum Geology,26(6):764～774.
Fossen H,Schultz R A,Mair K,Shipton Z K.2007.Deformationbands in sandstones—a review.Journal of Geological Society(London),164:755～769.
Graham W B,Girbacea R,Mesonjesi A,Aydin A.2006.Evolutionof fracture and fault-controlled fluid pathways in carbonates ofthe Albanides fold-thrust belt.AAPG Bulletin,90(8):1227～1249.
Harding T P.1990.Identification of wrench fault using subsurfacestructural data:criteria and pitfalls.AAPG Bulletin,74(10):1090～1609.
Labaume P,Sheppard S M F,Moretti I.2001.Fluid flow incataclastic thrust fault zones in sandstones,sub-Andean zone,southern Bolivia.Tectonophysics,340:141～172.
Peacock D C P,Fisher Q J,Willemse E J M.1998.The relationship between faults and pressure solution seams in carbonate rocksand the implications for fluid flow.Geological Society(London)Special Publication,147:105～115.
Perez R J,Boles J R.2003.Mineralization,fluid flow,and sealingproperties associated with an active thrust fault:San Joaquinbasin,California.AAPG Bulletin,87(3):465～478.
Peter E,Nicholas C D,Stephen P B.2009.Structural anddiagenetic control of fluid migration and cementation along theMoab fault,Utah.AAPG Bulletin,93(5):653～681.
Schultz R A,Soliva R,Fossen H,Okubo C H,Reeves D M.2008.Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations forfractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them.Journal of Structural Geology,30:1405～1411.
Tveranger J,Braathen A,Skar T,Skauge A.2005.Center forintegrated petroleum research—research activities withemphasis on fluid flow in fault zones.Norwegian Journal ofGeology,85:63～72.
Wibberley C A J,Shimamoto T.2003.Internal structure andpermeability of major strike-slip fault zones:the Mediantectonic line in Mie Prefecture,southwest Japan.Journal ofStructural Geology,25(1):59～78.
Zhou X Y,Pang X Q,Li Q M,Pang H,Xiang C F,Jiang Z X,LiS M,Liu L F.2010.Advances and problems in hydrocarbonexploration in the Tazhong area,Tarim basin.PetroleumScience,7:164～178.
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