从阿巴拉契亚—阿钦塔造山带看中国北方大陆南缘古生代的油气前景
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摘要
阿巴拉契亚—阿钦塔造山带是北美乃至世界著名的大陆边缘挤压碰撞推覆造山带,是地质学研究的经典地区之一,也是许多经典地学理论和概念的发源地。其中,对地质学影响最大的当属地槽学说。继20世纪60年代由深海钻探带来地学革命之后,由COCORP实施的地震反射剖面和深钻揭示了该造山带的巨大推覆构造。人们惊奇地发现,在巨大推覆体之下的大陆边缘,广泛分布着古生代浅水碳酸盐岩地层并具有巨大油气潜力。于是很多油气公司调整了这些地区油气勘探的战略部署,很快在推覆体之下早古生代地层中得到油气勘探的突破。其中,威尔伯顿(Wilburton)油气田就是当时美国发现的最大油气田之一,其单井天然气日产量有的超过1亿立方英尺。通过综合对比,笔者认为中国北方大陆南部边缘的大别—秦(岭)祁(连)—昆仑这一东西延伸的造山带与美国阿巴拉契亚—阿钦塔推覆大陆边缘在地层、岩相和盆地构造演化史等诸多方面有着惊人的相似性和可比性,是发生在中国北方巨大大陆南缘的古生代挤压碰撞推覆造山带。在许多大洋深水盆地相推覆体之下的早古生代浅水碳酸盐岩地层也具有良好的油气前景。粗略估算,我国北方大陆边缘推覆体之下早古生代碳酸盐岩地层很可能达几十万km2或更多,这一潜力是不可忽视的。
The Appalachian-Ouachita Overthrust in the United States is a part of a huge orogenic belt that runs from Canada,through the Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains to Mexico,which is also the region of Paleozoic deformation along the southeast side of the North American continent and bordering the central continental platform.The Appalachians were studied very early in the history of American geology,and many classical ideas have been derived from them.Since the 60' s-70' s of the 20th century,oil and gas fields have been discovered from north to south in the overthrust orogenic belt.Individual wells had initial production of over 100 million cubic feet of gas per day in Wilburton,Oklahoma.The so-called Qinling-Qilian orogenic belt,which is also traced to Dabie to the East and Kunlun to the West,is geologically similar to the Appalachian-Ouachita Overthrust in the United States on the basis of comprehensive studies of stratigraphy,lithofacies and tectonic-basin evolution from both areas.It is a Paleozoic overthrust belt of southern margin of the Paleozoic North China continent.Author believed that the overthrust belts are one of the highest potential frontiers for oil and gas discoveries in the future.
The Appalachian-Ouachita Overthrust in the United States is a part of a huge orogenic belt that runs from Canada,through the Appalachian and Ouachita Mountains to Mexico,which is also the region of Paleozoic deformation along the southeast side of the North American continent and bordering the central continental platform.The Appalachians were studied very early in the history of American geology,and many classical ideas have been derived from them.Since the 60' s-70' s of the 20th century,oil and gas fields have been discovered from north to south in the overthrust orogenic belt.Individual wells had initial production of over 100 million cubic feet of gas per day in Wilburton,Oklahoma.The so-called Qinling-Qilian orogenic belt,which is also traced to Dabie to the East and Kunlun to the West,is geologically similar to the Appalachian-Ouachita Overthrust in the United States on the basis of comprehensive studies of stratigraphy,lithofacies and tectonic-basin evolution from both areas.It is a Paleozoic overthrust belt of southern margin of the Paleozoic North China continent.Author believed that the overthrust belts are one of the highest potential frontiers for oil and gas discoveries in the future.
引文
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[20]康玉柱.中国古生代大型油气田成藏条件及勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2007,27(8):1-5.
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[22]王鸿祯,何国琦,张世红.中国与蒙古之地质[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):1-13.
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[24]Faill R T.Evolving tectonic concepts of the central andsouthern Appalachians[C]∥Jordan L M.Centennial SpecialVolume 1.Boulder:Geological Society of America,1985:19-45.
[25]杨俊杰,赵重远,刘和甫,等.鄂尔多斯西缘掩冲带构造与油气[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1990:1-160.
[26]王世虎,徐希坤,宋国奇.塔西南拗陷和田凹陷前陆逆冲带构造特征[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(4):378-383.
[27]魏国奇,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.
[28]刘贻灿,徐树桐,江来利,等.大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体[J].中国区域地质,1998,17(2):156-162.
[2]Friedman G M,Possant S A.Petroleumgeologyin the Unit-ed States[J].Journal of Geological Education,1985,33:217-226.
[3]Dewitt W,Milici R C.Energy resources of the Appalachianorogen[C]∥Hatcher R DJ,Thomas W A,Viele G W.TheGeology of North America,V0l.F-2,The Appalachian-Oua-chita Orogenin the United States.Boulder:Geological Socie-ty of America,1989:495-460.
[4]Liang C M,Friedman G M.Petrophysical characteristics ofCambro-Ordovician Arbuckle dolostone,Arkomo Basin,Wil-burton Field,Lati me County,Oklahoma[C]∥Oklahoma Ge-ological Survey Special Publication 91-3.1992:83-93.
[5]Liang C M,Friedman G M,Sanders J E.Petrofacies analy-ses of parts of Sauk-sequences carbonates Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician,Dutchess County,north-central Appa-lachinas,southeastern New York State[J].Northeastern Ge-ology,1992,14(1):44-58.
[6]Friedman G M,Keith B D,Buyce M R.Eastern overthrustbelt in New York state and Vermont:Gas potential recog-nized[J].Northeastern Geology,1983,5(3/4):128-131.
[7]王鸿祯.从活动论观点论中国大地构造分区[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1981(1):42-66.
[8]王鸿祯.中国地壳构造发展的主要阶段[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1982(3):155-178.
[9]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集说明书[M]∥王鸿祯.中国古地理图集.北京:地图出版社,1985:1-10.
[10]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:1-124.
[11]Thomas W A.The Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin ofsoutheastern North America[J].Geological Society of Amer-ica Bulletin,1991,103(3):415-431.
[12]Rodgers J.The Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic belt[J].Epi-sodes,1987,10(4):259-266.
[13]孟祥化.沉积建造与共生矿床分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1979:1-271.
[14]Mcgovney J E,Schutter S R,Powis G D.Paleozoic EustaticCycles[M].Houston:Exxon Production Research Company,1984:1-60.
[15]梁传茂,弗里德曼G M,郑昭昌.一种低海平面时期的沉积岩相:深水盆地相碳酸盐砾岩层序[J].现代地质,1992,6(3):426-430.
[16]王鸿祯.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[G]∥王鸿祯文集.北京:科学出版社,2005:359-382.
[17]闫全人,王宗起,闫臻,等.从华北陆块南缘大洋扩张到北秦岭造山带俯冲的转换时限[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1565-1583.
[18]余和中,吕福亮,郭庆新,等.华北板块南缘原型盆地类型与构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):111-117.
[19]孟祥化,葛铭.中朝板块旋回层序、事件和形成演化的探索[J].地学前缘,2002,9(3):125-140.
[20]康玉柱.中国古生代大型油气田成藏条件及勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2007,27(8):1-5.
[21]康玉柱.中国古生代海相油气成藏特征[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(5):11-17.
[22]王鸿祯,何国琦,张世红.中国与蒙古之地质[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):1-13.
[23]Mayo D E.Mountain-building theory:The nineteenth-centu-ry origins of isostasy and the geosyncline[C]∥Jordan L M.Centennial Special Volume 1.Boulder:Geological Society ofAmerica,1985:1-18.
[24]Faill R T.Evolving tectonic concepts of the central andsouthern Appalachians[C]∥Jordan L M.Centennial SpecialVolume 1.Boulder:Geological Society of America,1985:19-45.
[25]杨俊杰,赵重远,刘和甫,等.鄂尔多斯西缘掩冲带构造与油气[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1990:1-160.
[26]王世虎,徐希坤,宋国奇.塔西南拗陷和田凹陷前陆逆冲带构造特征[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(4):378-383.
[27]魏国奇,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.
[28]刘贻灿,徐树桐,江来利,等.大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体[J].中国区域地质,1998,17(2):156-162.
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