褶皱相关断层——以库车坳陷新生界盐上构造层为例
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摘要
以盐构造解析的方法,综合地震与地质资料,表明库车坳陷新生界中的盐上断层受控于褶皱作用。盐上地层首先发生褶皱变形,随着褶皱作用的加强,然后发生断裂作用,盐上构造层的变形方式为褶皱相关断层,其变形特征不同于断层相关褶皱。从断层成因机制可见:断层相关褶皱理论不适用于库车新生代坳陷盐构造发育区。库车坳陷膏盐层的发育造成盐上构造层与盐下构造层变形有差异,盐上构造层以褶皱作用为主,盐下构造层以冲断作用为主。库车坳陷盐上构造层主要为褶皱相关断层,发育张性断块、后翼突破断层、前翼突破断层及褶皱相关断层组合等构造样式,根据盐上构造层的变形特征总结了褶皱相关断层的演化。
There were three structural layers in the Cenozoic Kuqa Depression,in ascending order,the salt-underlying beds,the salt(or gypsum) beds and the salt-overlying beds.The salt structures were well developed and resulted in the structural deformation of the salt-underlying and salt-overlying beds being obviously different.The thrusting dominated the salt-underlying beds,while in the salt-overlying beds the deformation was mainly folding.The surface geological survey and seismic profiles showed that the salt-overlying beds was folded first,then the faulting developed with the strengthen of folding action.The deformation characteristics of the salt-overlying beds might be fold-related faulting,instead of the fault-related folding which was not applicable in the salt structure-developing areas in the Kuqa Depression.The patterns of the fold-related faulting in the salt-overlying beds included the extensional block,back limb break-up fault,front limb break-up fault,and the combination of them.The mechanism and evolution of the fold-related faults was discussed according to the deformational features of the salt-overlying beds in the Kuqa Depression.
There were three structural layers in the Cenozoic Kuqa Depression,in ascending order,the salt-underlying beds,the salt(or gypsum) beds and the salt-overlying beds.The salt structures were well developed and resulted in the structural deformation of the salt-underlying and salt-overlying beds being obviously different.The thrusting dominated the salt-underlying beds,while in the salt-overlying beds the deformation was mainly folding.The surface geological survey and seismic profiles showed that the salt-overlying beds was folded first,then the faulting developed with the strengthen of folding action.The deformation characteristics of the salt-overlying beds might be fold-related faulting,instead of the fault-related folding which was not applicable in the salt structure-developing areas in the Kuqa Depression.The patterns of the fold-related faulting in the salt-overlying beds included the extensional block,back limb break-up fault,front limb break-up fault,and the combination of them.The mechanism and evolution of the fold-related faults was discussed according to the deformational features of the salt-overlying beds in the Kuqa Depression.
引文
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何光玉,赵庆,李树新,雷刚林,齐英敏,谢会文.2006.塔里木库车盆地中生代原型分析.地质科学,41(1):44—53.He Guangyu,Zhao Qing,Li Shuxin,Lei Ganglin,Qi Yingmin and Xie Huiwen.2006.Analysis on Mesozoic prototypes of theKuqa Basin in Tarim,northwestern China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(1):44—53.
何治亮,徐宏节,段铁军.2005.塔里木多旋回盆地复合构造样式初步分析.地质科学,40(2):153—166.He Zhiliang,Xu Hongjie and Duan Tiejun.2005.Apreliminary analysis on compound structural styles in the Tarimpolycyclicbasin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):153—166.
胡剑风,刘玉魁,杨明慧,郑多明,刘虎,雷刚林,周厉.2004.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及其与油气的关系.地质科学,39(4):580—588.Hu Jianfeng,Liu Yukui,Yang Minghui,Zheng Duoming,Liu Hu,Lei Ganglin and Zhou Li.2004.Salt structure character-istics and its relation to hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(4):580—588.
贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,刘德来,张君峰.2003.盐构造与油气勘探.石油勘探与开发,30(2):17—19.Jia Chengzao,Zhao Wenzhi,Wei Guoqi,Liu Delai and Zhang Junfeng.2003.Salt structures and exploration of oil and gas.Petroleum Exploration and Development,30(2):17—19.
雷刚林,张国伟,刘志宏.2001.库车前陆逆冲带生长地层及其在油气勘探中的意义.新疆石油地质,22(2):107—110.Lei Ganglin,Zhang Guowei and Liu Zhihong.2001.The growth formation of Kucha foreland overthrust belt and its applicationin oil gas exploration.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,22(2):107—110.
李双建,王清晨,李忠,王道轩.2006.砂岩碎屑组份变化对库车坳陷和南天山盆山演化的指示.地质科学,41(3):465—478.Li Shuangjian,Wang Qingchen,Li Zhong and Wang Daoxuan.2006.Detrital modes of sandstones and their implication forbasin-mountain evolution between the Kuqa Depression and South Tianshan Mountains.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(3):465—478.
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,贾东,王国强,贾承造.2000.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3):18—24.Lu Huafu,Chen Chuming,Liu Zhihong,Jia Dong,Wang Guoqiang and Jia Chengzao.2000.The structural features and ori-gin of the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(3):18—24.
苗继军,贾承造,王招明,刘英敏,张君峰,赵恩宏.2005.塔里木盆地北部库车地区秋里塔格构造带地层结构及其对构造变形的制约.地质科学,40(4):558—569.Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Wang Zhaoming,Liu Yingmin,Zhang Junfeng and Zhao Enhong.2005.Stratigraphic configurationcontrol on tectonic deformation along the Qiultag anticline belt of Kuqa area,northern Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Ge-ol.,40(4):558—569.
齐英敏,苗继军,马全天,吴建国,张国伟,叶林,李毓丰,桑洪.2004.新疆库车地区秋里塔格构造带成因分析.地质科学,39(4):561—570.Qi Yingmin,Miao Jijun,Ma Quantian,Wu Jianguo,Zhang Guowei,Ye Lin,Li Yufeng and Sang Hong.2004.Mechanicalanalysis on the Qiulitage structural belt in Kuqa area,Xinjiang.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(4):561—570.
邵雨,陈伟,张伯友.2005.断层相关褶皱理论在准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造研究的应用.地球科学与环境学报,27(1):26—29.Shao Yu,Chen Wei and Zhang Boyou.2005.Application of the geometry of fault-related folding to the southern Junggar Ba-sin.Journal ofEarth Science and Environment,27(1):26—29.
孙龙德,周新源,王国林.2005.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向.地质科学,40(2):167—178.Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan and Wang Guolin.2005.Contributions of petroleum geology and main directions of oil-gas explo-ration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):167—178.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学D辑,33(1):38—46.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun,Chen Shuping,Wang Ziyu and Xie Huiwen.2003a.Salt related structural styles inKuqa foreland folded belts.Science in China,Series D,33(1):38—46.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003b.库车前陆褶皱冲断带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281—290.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Jin Zhijun,Pi Xuejun,Chen Shuping and Xie Huiwen.2003b.Tertiary salt pillowstructures inthe central sector of the Kuqa foreland fold-and-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,38(3):281—290.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文,王子煜.2004.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17—25.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun,Chen Shuping,Xie Huiwen and Wang Ziyu.2004.A large-scale saltnappe complex in the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim basin,northern China.Acta GeologicaSinica,78(1):17—25.
王清华,杨明慧,吕修祥.2004.库车褶皱冲断带秋里塔格构造带东、西分段构造特征与油气聚集.地质科学,39(4):523—531.Wang Qinghua,Yang Minghui and L櫣Xiuxiang.2004.Features of structural segmentation and accumulation of oil and gas inthe Qiulitage structural belt,Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(4):523—531.
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.2002.南天山库车褶皱冲断带构造几何学和运动学.地质科学,37(3):372—384.Wang Xin,Jia Chengzao and Yang Shufeng.2002.Geometry and kinematics of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the southernTianshan.Chinese Jour.Geol.,37(3):372—384.
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