• 责任者：Zhou Zhenyu (Laboratory of Human Evolution ; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Beijing 100044 ; China) ; Gao Xing
• 刊名：Quaternary Sciences
• 出版年：2013
• 卷期：33(3)
• 关键词：古人类 ; fossil man ; 人类活动 ; human activity ; 湖北 ; Hubei Province
• 页码：p.565-574
• 图表：illus., 4 tables, 39 refs.
• 分类号：1400
• issnNo：ISSN1001-7410
• isbnNo：CN11-2708/P

The Yanfengdog Cave site, located in Luojiaba Vallage, Jianshi County, Hubei Province, is situated in the region of the upper reach of Qingjiang River which is a branch of Changjiang River. The geopraphical position of the site is 30°31＇51.7＂N,109°42＇21.5＂E. The cave towards 230° with 10m height, 30m width, and altitude of approximately 694m. This site has been excavated by the archaeologists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Office for Cultural Relics Administration of Jianshi County in 2008 and 2010. The two excavations exposed a total area of about 56m2, with 36 stone artifacts and hundreds mammalian fossils collected. Eight stratigraphic layers of the cave deposit were identified at the site with the total thickness of more than 6meters,which is not reach to the bed rock in a matter of safety.36 stone artifacts and abundant of fauna fossils were unearthed from the two excavations. The stone assemblage includes cores （ N = 1 ） ,flakes （ N = 12 ） , chunks （ N = 9 ） , pebbles with single scar （ N = 3 ） , and retouched tools （ N = 11 ）. More than four kinds of raw materials, including limestone and quartzite, are utilized in core reduction and tool manufacture, with limestone quartzite being the predominant type, constituting 64% of the assemblage. The principal flaking technique is direct hammer percussion without core preparation. Blanks for tool fabrication are flakes and pebbles with flakes being the predominant type at 64%. Only two retouched tool classes are identified： scrapers and choppers which are all been retouched by direct hammer percussion. Lithic raw materials exploited at the site were locally available from limestone hills and valley close to the site, and the extent of raw material consumption in general was low. Scraper is the most important type in the stone tool assemblage dominated at 82%. The fauna fossils includes Cervidae, Bovidae, Gigantopithecus blacki, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Hipposideros sp., Niviventer confucianus , Eothenomys melanogaster , Sorex sp. Our research revealed that there was a stable environment in Yanfengdong Cave when ancient people lived. This cave was suitable as a habitat for ancient human activities with plenty of animal and plant resources. According to the geological position of Yanfengdong site and the comparative ESR dating results, the age of Yanfengdong Paleolithic site estimates around 0.1Ma, Middle Pleistocene. Jianshi Country is the transitional area between the two main industries of North and South China, and thus a region that plays a very important role in Chinese Lower Paleolithic research. Compared with the nearby site, Longgudong Cave and Juyuandong Cave, the stone tool assemblage of Yanfengdong indicates the cultural continuity and stability which represents by a high percentage of flakes and flake tools in the assemblage. This single Paleolithic cultural tradition chrematistic maybe affected by region of the Three Gorges region,Luonan Basin in Shaanxi Province and Hanshui drainage area.