Coal accumulation occurs mainly in peat paleo-bog and is also a key link during the sedimentation of coal-bearing strata. Coal facies and related geochemical parameters are important indicators for the paleo-bog conditions. Thus, based on the coal facies investigation, the authors in this paper, taking the No. 11 coal seam of the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation as a case, made a high-resolution research of the peat paleo-bog evolvement and its pattern in the sight of the dynamic condition, salinity and redox of the bog water. The results showed the four characteristics of the bog evolvement. Firstly, the coal facies existed in five types; Secondly, the coal facies developed in seven evolving stages; Thirdly, the peat bog was formed due to a transgression, developed under the setting of the slow regression, and ended at a fast transgression; Fourthly, the transgression process during the paleo-bog development was made of a series of secondary fast transgression and regression events, and was characterized by the undulation, which resulted in the jumpy exchange of the bog types. Finally, the paleo-bog ended due to the advent of the greatest fast-transgression during the bog development.