Based on the synthetical analyses of stratigraphic characters, organic geochemical indexes and lithofacies paleogeography, the probability of the Neoproterozoic source rocks and primary petroleum reservoirs in Xuhuai area was discussed. Xuhuai area locates in the east part of southern North China and is divided into Huainan and Huaibei district by Bengbu-Jieshou ancient uplift. The result show that hydrocarbon source quality of Liulaobei Formation, Zhangqu to Weiji Formation and Jiayuan to Jiudingshan Formation become worse in turn, and the Huaibei district was better than the Huainan district. The surrounding area of Bengbu-Jieshou ancient uplift with lower thermal evolution is favorable prospect areas.