A total of 19 surface samples were palynologically analyzed in attempt to reveal the implication of surface pollen data under the modern vegetation and climate conditions in the desert-steppe area in Siziwangqi, central Inner Mongolia, NE China. The results show that the pollen flora is characterized by the dominant Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, usually accounting for above 60%. Poaceous pollen is at low level with an average percentage about 5% and some typical desert-steppe taxa are common such as Nitraria, Ephedra, Asteraceae and Allium.