Based on the freezing theory of porous media, a hydrostatic pressure model on contact surfaces among mortar, rocks, mortar-steel and mortar- rock is constructed after analyzing the freezing mechanism in this paper. The damage mechanism due to freezing and thawing and its influence factors are studied more systematically. Considering the existing relevant achievements six modes and their corresponding mathematical models are established to describe the degradation of anchorage performance in jointed rocks under repeating freezing and thawing.