In this paper, three neotectonic regions are defined according to their association with the varying stages of Cenozoic structural evolution in the Loess Plateau: Ordos stable block, Longxi region and Fen-Wei rift valley. Here Quaternary loess was mantled on the ancient landform consisting of Neogene red clay Liang, Mao and basin and then eroded, creating the highly diversified and complex landforms. Second, Longxi loess landscape. Its main body consists of red clay landform of Neogene age, covered with thin Quaternary loess. The characteristics of the resent-day landforms are dominated by those of the red clay. This led to the initial formation of the ancient Yellow River which flowed through Jinshaan Gorge region into ancient Sanmen Lake and finally emptied into Yellow Sea.