In this paper, carbon density and carbon storage of surface soil were calculated. The distribution of carbon storage in surface soil of Liaohe River Basin is proportional to the areas of soil type and landscape unit, the distribution of carbon density of soil were closely related with the city size and the content of organic matter in soil. The amount of carbon storage in surface soil of meadow and plain landscape unit was maximum, and that of black hill and mountain landform was minimum. From the soil type, the carbon density of paddy soil is the highest, the carbon density of sandy soil is the lowest. From the geomorphological units, that of soil in mountain and hilly area is the highest, and in low mountain and hill regions is the lowest. The study on carbon density of soil can provide the reference data for exploration of carbon sequestration potential of soil in