For the final goal of solving the problem about the feasibility and techniques of resistive target (e.g. hydrocarbon) exploration in the environment of China sea using CSEM, this paper studies the frequency-domain electromagnetic responses of a marine geological model with finite depth of seawater excited by a horizontal electric source, establishing theoretical base for 1D and 3D electromagnetic simulation. The results show that the intensity and shape of the electromagnetic anomalies markedly change with the decrease of water depth and only the Ex and Ez components reveal perceptible anomalies when seawater is very shallow, for example, 50 m. At last, the electric-field anomalies for two well known oil fields in different water depth are calculated, which shows the good future of electric-source frequency-domain CSEM in seafloor exploration, even in shallow sea.