The Longshan period(5.0-4.0 kaBP)is a key period for generation and development of the Chi- nese civilization. However, the climatic background of this period remains in dilemma. In this paper, based on historical documents, archaeological evidence, and high-resolution natural records reported dur- ing the past few decades, the climatic change during Longshan epoch was reconstructed following synthesis method recommended by IGBP. Our results indicate that the Longshang Epoch was not a uniform warm period as traditional researches suggested. It could be further divided into the early-middle Longshan WarmPeriod(5.0-4. 5 kaBP), middle-late Longshan Cold Period(4. 5-4. 0 kaBP),and a pronounced cooling event by the end of the Longshan period(4.2-4.0 kaBP). The reconstructed climatic changes of the Longshan period are well correlated with the climatic records in the other parts of the world, indicating that it is at least a semi-sphere phenomenon.