The tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in the foreland fold-and-thrust belt of the southern Junggar Basin is complex. In order to reveal this complexity and in turn provide basic information for regional petroleum exploration and fundamental geological studies, this paper analyzes petroleum accumulation features. The study area is characterized by structurally different segments along the east-west direction, and by structurally different belts along the north-south direction. The hydrocarbon accumulation in these different areas was discussed from a variety of aspects, including sources, reservoirs, traps, conduits, preservation, hydrocarbon accumulation and controlling factors.