Topsoil and deep soil geochemical baseline values, background values and relevant geochemical parameters were acquired from statistics of data of multi-target regional geochemical survey in the Chuzhou area. Study indicated that soil parent material has remarkable effect on geochemical baseline values of soil elements, and topsoil shows both inheritance and difference in element content compared with deep soil. In different soil horizons,some elements are ob- viously different in content. Soil-forming process and human activities have greatly affected element contents in their distribution in soil. More attention should be paid to such factors as geological background and material source in ana- lyzing geochemical baseline value and background value of soil.