Through systematic field geological profile survey, sample collection, analyses and technical tests of rock pyrolysis, determination of organic carbon, kerogen analysis, reflectance of vitrinite, saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography and transmitted light illumination, the authors evaluated the organic concentration, type and maturity of the carbonate rocks, coal and mudstone samples in Permian system in Nanling-Wuwei area. Meanwhile, the original sedimentary environment and the biogenic origin characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks were under discussion. The results showed that Qixia Formation (P1q), Gufeng Formation(P1g) and Longtan Formation(P2l) were excellent hydrocarbon source rocks. The Qixia Formaiton and the Gufeng Formation were Ⅲ1 and Ⅱ2 organic matter types, respectively. The organic matters underwent high evolution and were in high maturity stages. The Longtan Formation with the Ⅱ1 organic matter type was also in high maturity stage. Hydrocarbon source rocks in Qixia Formation showed a marine-continental transitional environment. The sedimentary environments of hydrocarbon source rocks in Gufeng Formation were in a shelf environment with deep water and low energy. Hydrocarbon source rocks in Longtan Formation showed onshore depositional environment with terrigenous input.