The Longtoushan polymetallic sulfide deposit is located on the east slope of the middle-south Da Hinggan Mountains and the north side of the Xar Moron River fault along the Hercynian geosyncline fold belt. Field geological survey shows that the ore deposit has two mineralization types, namely layered mineralization and cylinder mineralization. Attitudes, alterations and minerals of the two mineralization types show typical characteristics of submarine hydrothermal sedimentary deposition. A systematic study of fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry was carried out for fluid inclusions in syndepositional barite from the ore deposit. The inclusions in the barite suggest rapid sedimentary characteristics during the hydrothermal sedimentary deposition. The results provide positive evidence for the viewpoint that the Longtoushan polymetallic sulfide ore deposit is a marine hydrothermal sedimentation deposit.