///Based on field geological investigation in northwestern and northeastern Tarim Basin, in combination with paleomagnetic mapping and previous researches, this paper has discussed the evolution process of the basin in Cryogenian-Cambrian period according to sedimentary-tectonic event and other evidence. Across the Tarim Basin, surface outcrops of Cryogenian to Cambrian sedimentary succession are completely exposed in the vicinity of Aksu area (northwest Tarim), Kuruktag (northeast Tarim) and southwest Tarim, thus providing a unique, well preserved and accessible means with which researchers can study the early development of northern Tarim Basin. The earliest rift-passive margin sediments which can be observed are Cryogenian-Middle Ordovician strata, and the period can be divided into Cryogenian faulted period (supercontinent rifting stage) and Ediacaran-Middle Ordovician subsidence period (plate drifting stage).