Barkol Basin is an interarc basin with small scale, which is located between Karlik Mountain and Maiqinwula Mountain in Barkol County of Xinjiang. It is a half graben-like basin and the structure is relatively single. The Carboniferous formations are developed in the basin. It is possible to be the favorable development area of weathered volcanic rock reservoir. The structure has Hercynian prototype and is further shaped in middle-late Yanshanian, forming the reservoir-cap combination of self-generation and self-storage. It is the favorable area in which the structure-lithology reservoirs are formed.