Quantitatively analyzed planktonic foraminiferal data of core A7 were used to discuss the paleoenvironmental changes in the middle Okinawa Trough during the past 18 000 years. The planktonic foraminiferal fauna shows apparent changes corresponding well to the deglaciation-Holocene phases. Through getting rid of the productivity effect of G. bulloides in FP-12E and IKM-Chen, the two modified transfer functions provide SST estimates comparable to the